Aim. To find explanations of the nature of the modern global political crisis through the prism of the theory of civilizational development.
Methodology. The research methodology is based on the civilizational approach in the analysis of world social processes. The course of the history of individual civilizations and the world as a whole is considered on the basis of the “civilizational pendulum” model. The key method was the use of historical analogies as history lessons for current politics.
Results. The study has confirmed the hypothesis about the production of crisis processes in complex social systems and at the level of humanity as a whole while ignoring civilizational factors of development. The denial of the civilizational and value variability of the world in global politics is the fundamental basis of the current global political crisis.
Research implications. The present study can be used as a theoretical basis in developing approaches to correlating global politics and the policies of nation states considering the fact of the existence of world civilizations.

Aim. To analyze the possibilities and limitations of digital technologies of the emerging metaverse in stopping the risks of Nazism.
Methodology. The work uses the principles of methodological optics of SWOT analysis, which allows to study the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of modern digital technologies. Scenario techniques of political forecasting are applied.
Results. The basic specific features and components of the emerging metaverse are determined. The possibilities and limitations of the digital environment and digital technologies in the field of stopping the risks of rehabilitating Nazi ideas are revealed.
Research implications. The study will allow to determine the main priorities of digital systems and technologies to counter the spread of Nazi ideas. It is emphasized that artificial intelligence technologies begin to play a key role in identifying the threats of Nazism. The theoretical significance of the article is seen in the fact that several scenarios for the digital evolution of the metaverse are proposed, taking into account the geopolitical and domestic political plane.

Aim. Development of game algorithms, the use of which would discredit in the eyes of the target audience (i.e. gamers) the ideology and practice of Nazism, national chauvinism and militarism in a historical video game gameplay (in the RPG genre).
Methodology. As part of the study, comparative and structural analysis as well as elements of political modeling are used. The author studies original and innovative video game mechanics designed to have a large-scale impact on the gamers’ perception model and the state of their psycho-emotional sphere, including the aim of integrating or desacralizing certain values and the models of thinking, behavior and identity determined by them. The empirical basis of the study is a combination of cyber narrative and historical facts about the events of the Great Patriotic War.
Results. Within the framework of the present study, the author reveals the question of the untapped potential of the video games use as a means of counteracting the rehabilitation of Nazism, national chauvinism and militarism. An original model of the process of rehabilitation of Nazism, national chauvinism and militarism has been developed as part of the formation of cultural memory. The author has developed a within-the-gameplay approach to the deconstruction of narratives used in popular culture for the rehabilitation of Nazism, national chauvinism and militarism.
Research implications. A conceptual model of the process of rehabilitation of Nazism, national chauvinism and militarism in modern mass culture works has been developed. Practical recommendations for the deconstruction of the relevant RPG games narratives are formulated.

Aim. To consider historical and cultural prerequisites and the nature of the trajectory of historical dynamics of changes in higher education in the socio-cultural space of St. Petersburg.
Methodology. During the study, the comparative-historical method was used (which allows us to identify by comparison the general and special in historical phenomena, the stages and trends of their development) as well as the systemic method (which corresponds to our ideas about the system of higher education as a subsystem of the structure of a higher order – the socio-cultural system of Russia and Western Europe as a whole).
Results. The paper considers and characterizes the stages of development of the education system in St. Petersburg and Russia in the 18th century. The article contains a description of these stages and their evolution during this historical period.
Research implications. Based on the historical sources, the following factors of creation and development of the education system in Russia and St. Petersburg in the 18th century were revealed: its involvement in the cultural and historical context of Western Europe; the Anglo-French dualism of European politics of this historical period; a decisive role in the creation and development of the education system in Russia of the imperial government.

Aim. The purpose of the article is to analyze the role of patronage in appointments to the governor’s post in Russia in the era of preparation for the abolition of serfdom (1855–1861).
Methodology. The research is mainly based on the corpus of archival documents introduced for the first time to academic circulation. In addition, articles of domestic and foreign authors on the issues under consideration were used.
Results. Based on the results of the study, the author concluded that the patronage factor in the governor’s appointments in the second half of the 1850s was very important. For the most part, we can talk about clan patronage, in which the patron sought the desired appointment for a person with whom he was already familiar from the previous service. The Minister of Internal Affairs, on whom the presentation of candidates for the highest name depended, was put under pressure not only by high-ranking persons (ministers, governors-general, senators, members of the State Council), but also by the governors themselves, who were trying to achieve a transfer to a convenient or attractive (for one reason or another) the province. At the same time, it is important to note that not all requests from high-ranking patrons for the appointment of their proteges to the governor’s office were successful. In some cases, they were opposed by the Minister of Internal Affairs, in others – the emperor made his own decision.
Research implications. The article summarizes new material on the topic under study and introduces new archival documents to academic circulation. The mechanism of appointment (and displacement) of governors in the period 1855–1861 is analyzed, which is of key importance for understanding personnel policy during the preparation of the “great reforms”.

Aim. To consider and analyze the activities of the Military Tribunal of the Yenisei Basin in the first post-war years (1945–1948).
Methodology. The analysis of theoretical material (documents from funds of the State Archive of the Krasnoyarsk Region (SAKR)) is carried out. During the research, the method of analysis, comparative-historical and problem-chronological methods of studying the process of functioning of the special justice body in a particular region were used.
Results. The regularities of activities of the Military Tribunal of the Yenisei Basin in the first post-war years (1945–1948) were revealed.
Research implications. The results of the research contribute to the study of activities of domestic justice and law enforcement bodies in the Soviet period.

Aim. This article is dedicated to one of the episodes of searching for a peaceful solution of the conflict in Bosnia and Herzegovina during 1992–1993. The process of the collapse of Yugoslavia, accompanied by military actions and creation of sovereign national republics, was intervened by supranational structures – the EU and the UN. They attempted to stop the military confrontation of the Bosnians, Serbs and Croats in Bosnia by taking a number of measures. In this paper, the process of creating and implementing the Vance-Owen plan is considered.
Methodology. The author studied the documents of the ICFY, analyzed the Vance-Owen plan documentation and the speeches of the EU and the UN representatives on Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1992–1993. The author also studied domestic and foreign monographs and articles on the war in Bosnia and its peaceful solution. The work uses a narrative method to facilitate the transmission of the essence of this problem, the narrative is presented chronologically.
Results. The author seeks to trace the implementation of the Vance-Owen plan, to note the reaction of warring parties and countries that wanted to settle the conflict and to pursue their own interests.
Research implications. The research results contribute to the study of the conflicts in the former Yugoslavia in 1991-1999.

Aim. To investigate and identify the essence, features and originality of the migration policy of Germany implemented by the 4^th coalition government in 2018–2021.
Methodology. The article shows on specific examples how the migration policy was implemented during the specified period, what new ways, methods and conditions contributed to this, what changed in the migration process compared to the previous course. The analytical method, methods of comparison and generalization were used during the study.
Results. In the course of the study of the new migration policy of Germany, some features, important circumstances contributing to its implementation and a number of reasons and factors revealing its essence and novelty were identified.
Research implications. This work will help to deepen and better understand the importance, relevance, usefulness and prospects of the migration policy of various countries. This is truly significant in our times, since in modern conditions the migration process has become global. And human society must prepare for this.

Aim. To analyze the consideration in historical studies of the background, causes and evolution of the so-called “Northern System” created by the Russian Foreign Ministry in the early years of the reign of the Russian Empress Catherine the Great.
Methodology. The study applies systematic approach which enables to conduct a deep and comprehensive analysis of the historiography of the problem under consideration.
Results. The study summarizes and analyzes the main assessments presented in historical studies on the problem of the place and role of the “Northern System” in the foreign policy of the Russian Empire of the XVIII century, on the issue of confrontation during the Russo-Turkish war of 1768–1774 with the countries included in the so-called “Eastern Barrier”.
Research implications. The materials of this article can be used to prepare lectures on the history of Russia of the XVIII century and the history of foreign policy.

Aim. To identify the features of the reflection of the problems of the ideological origins of the official nationality theory in historiography.
Methodology. The author conducted the comprehensive analysis of historiographical sources that highlight the issue of the emergence of the theory of official nationality in relation to the characteristics of the historical context of the Russian Empire, in which the views of future adherents of this theory were formed. As the main methods of historical research the author used ideographic, historical-genetic, typological and comparative-historical methods.
Results. In the course of studying historical works devoted to the question of the emergence of the official nationality theory, it was possible to establish the dependence of the change of scientific paradigms in the study of intellectual and historical phenomena on the prevailing ideological and political background of the era. In addition, a significant difference between the interpretations and assessments of the genesis of the theory in pre-revolutionary, Soviet and post-Soviet historiographies was revealed. It was also established that historians pay much attention not to the political, but rather to the ideological origins of the theory of official nationality. This naturally encourages us to continue our research into this most interesting phenomenon of Russian socio-political and religious-philosophical thought.
Research implications. The data presented in this article and the results obtained are the basis for new research in the field of the history of Russian social thought and Russian historical science.

Aim. To analyze the problem of revealing the policy of McCarthyism in the United States (1950–1954) in the works of Russian historians.
Methodology. The article deals with issues devoted to the scientific analysis of the views of Russian post-Soviet historians on the causes, course and results of the McCarthyism policy, in chronological terms from the early 50s to the present. The influence of Senator Joseph McCarthy and his supporters on Russian-American relations and the history of the Cold War has been studied.
Results. In most of the reviewed works on the history of McCarthyism, differences in interpretations and a variety of views of domestic authors on the causes of the conflict were revealed.
Research implications. The work carried out can be used by researchers on the problems of the Cold War for a more complete understanding of the essence of the conflict presented by Russian historiography.

Aim. To provide a list of current studies (2017–2021) on the situation of the Russian-speaking population in the post-Soviet countries using the example of the Baltic States, the Caucasus and the Republic of Belarus and name the main changes identified in them.
Methodology. The work used a systematic approach, a classification method for organizing information and a content analysis method.
Results. The main works on the designated problem were identified and the demographic, social and economic changes that occurred in these regions were indicated.
Research implications. The sources identified in the work can serve as the basis for a complete list of works on the situation of the Russian and Russian-speaking population in the post-Soviet countries, and the identified changes can become a starting point for further research.

Aim. The purpose of this article is to identify the development of parliamentarianism in the countries of Transcaucasia as well as their gradual transition to Western political and legal models.
Methodology. In this article some problems of formation and development of parliamentarism which take place in the countries of Transcaucasia are considered. The parliaments of such countries as Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia were analyzed by means of comparative analysis of their politics. The research was based on the following methods: formalization, historical and sociological approaches.
Results. A conclusion is drawn that in the countries of Transcaucasia under research two trends of parliamentarism should be distinguished: either reception of Western models within the local peculiarities of these countries or giving them the role of pro-presidential structures.
Research implications. The author compared the dynamics of parliamentarism development in Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia, and conducted a political and legal research into the history of their formation and functioning in the post-Soviet period.

Aim. Identification of historical trends in the formation, functioning and development of supranational unions on the territory of Eurasia.
Methodology. The study is based on the application of the comparative historical method of the prospective development of the EEU as a modern form of Eurasian integration. The author applies the method of updating the practical experience of the functioning of the Union in the geopolitical space of Eurasia.
Results. Based on the results of the study, the author concluded that the total potential of the EEU is sufficient for the formation of the association as a serious regional grouping in the Eurasian space. The author managed to identify the characteristic features of the passage of integration processes as well as to update the problems of the EEU development.
Research implications. The author’s positions that contribute to the implementation of a positive scenario of the formation of the Union in the historical process in the common civilizational space are proposed.