Aim. To reconstruct the historical origins of the State University of Education and to demonstrate the continuity of educational structures that preceded the establishment of the Moscow Regional Industrial Pedagogical Institute in 1931.

Methodology. The methodological basis of the study is a combination of historical-genetic and historical-contextual approaches. The research relies primarily on archival sources, especially documents from the Central State Archive of the Moscow Region.

Results. The study establishes an unbroken line of institutional continuity from the K. P. Voskresensky Real School and the Lecture Bureau of Moscow University to the Moscow Pedagogical Technical College named after the Profintern, and subsequently to the institute founded in 1931. The role of prominent educators and scholars who determined the academic level of these institutions is revealed.

Research implications. The results of the study clarify the origins of the Russian pedagogical school and expand understanding of the university’s genesis as an institution preserving the continuity of Russian educational tradition. The materials can be applied in educational and cultural projects aimed at strengthening university identity and fostering historical awareness.

Aim. To identify the historiographical situation at the Moscow Regional Pedagogical Institute in the 1930s – early 1950s based on an analysis of the personalities of historians representing the institution and their scholarly contributions.

Methodology. The study involved an analysis of archival documents, including previously unpublished materials from the funds of the State University of Education, as well as an examination of scientific publications, lecture materials, and memoirs of faculty and graduates of the Moscow Regional Pedagogical Institute, which enabled the reconstruction of the historiographical context and identification of key methodological approaches formed at the history faculty during the 1930s

– early 1950s.

Results. The conducted analysis revealed the key directions of the historical school at the Moscow Regional Pedagogical Institute in the 1930s–1950s, encompassing state-patriotic, universalist-humanistic, and synthetic orientations, each reflecting the specifics of ideological and methodological transformations in Soviet historiography.

Research implications. The research findings can be applied in developing strategies for educational policy in the Russian Federation aimed at advancing patriotic education and a civilizational approach in historical education, drawing on the traditions of the scholarly school of the Moscow Regional Pedagogical Institute.

Aim.  To summarize the experience of implementing the principles of developmental learning in teaching history at the METAR laboratory, which has been operating at the Faculty of History, Political Science, and Law since the late 1980s.

Methodology. When studying the stages of the METAR laboratory's activities, a search was conducted to summarize the results of the laboratory's publication activity and the implementation of its methodological developments. The laboratory's activities were characterized in the context of domestic research on the methodology of teaching history conducted in the 1980s and 2010s.

Results. The study summarizes the results of the activities of the METAR laboratory, which aimed to implement the principles of developmental learning in school history teaching. The laboratory's team's developments were implemented in the creation of textbooks included in the federal list of textbooks, textbooks on the history of the Moscow region, and the regional historical and cultural standard for the history of the Moscow region.

Research implications. New data on the development of methodological thought in the post-Soviet and modern periods is introduced into scientific circulation.

Aim. Presentation of the calendar in the context of the development of the Kunstkamera and Russian science of the 18^th century.

Methodology. The article is based on the first time used as sources museum and archival materials. Calendars are identified in the collections of the Kunstkamera of the 18^th century. The work on their compilation and publication, and their contents are under consideration.

Results. In addition to their direct function, calendars also served as educational tools, providing information on medical practices, agricultural recommendations, and more. In the absence of street lighting, data on sunrise and sunset times, as well as lunar phases, were crucial. The public's interest was characterized by a combination of curiosity, a belief in the supernatural, and a desire for predictions.

Research implications. The study can serve as a basis for further development of the topic, the introduction of museum items stored in other collections into historical researches, the encouragement of archival research.

Aim. To determine the reasons for the unsuccessful start of the war for the Red Army and the conclusions on eliminating the problems that the leadership of the country and the Red Army made.

Methodology. The following methods were used in the work: historical and genetic, critical analysis of the source, statistical analysis of losses, comparative method and analogy method. The consistent disclosure of the properties, functions and changes of the studied reality in the process of historical movement made it possible to reveal the real history to the greatest extent.

Results.  It was concluded that the Soviet leadership considered the war with Finland as a local conflict and as preparation for the upcoming war with Germany, which determined the course and features of this war. The Red Army entered the war with Finland, based on the same principles as the clashes at Khalkhin Gaul and in the "Liberation Campaign against Western Ukraine and Belarus". The difference in the conditions of hostilities led to great losses at the first stage of the war and forced changes in approaches from the Soviet side: a change in command, numerical growth of units, equipment and resources, a pause for training and training, followed by a quick defeat of the Finnish army. The experience of the Finnish campaign gave lessons and impetus to changes in the Red Army, which helped in the confrontation with the Wehrmacht in 1941.

Research implications. The conclusions of the study can be used to continue the study of the history of the USSR during the late 1930s – early 1940s. and analysis of World War II, the Soviet-Finnish campaign, World War II. Research materials will also be useful in teaching the course «History of Russia».

Aim. Conduct a comprehensive historical and comparative analysis of the evolution of social exclusion practices from ancient ostracism to the modern "cancel culture," identify their common features, differences, as well as the tendency to expand into new areas.

Methodology. The methodological basis of the study is historical-comparative and historical-genetic methods, supplemented by discourse analysis and an institutional approach. The body of sources is analyzed, including classical works on the history of antiquity, modern works on sociology, political science and psychology.

Results. It has been proven that, despite the general psychological basis, practices of social exclusion have evolved from a legitimate state institution aimed at preserving the political system to an extra-institutional, ideologically charged tool used for reputational destruction, which is carried out by means of the digital environment. The mechanisms of this transformation and the expansion of the "cancel culture" into the spheres of culture, art, religion and international relations have been identified.

Research implications. The work contributes to the development of historical comparative studies and to the integration of approaches of general history and the social sciences. The results of the study can be used to analyze modern sociocultural and political processes related to the digitalization of public life.

Aim. To provide a systematic description of the phenomenon of artificial cranial modification.

Methodology. To achieve this goal, data on cases of artificial cranial deformation from the territories of Moldova and Armenia were collected and classified in order to identify their semantic unity. The methodological basis of the work relies on an integrated approach that combines anthropological and archaeological methods of analysis. To study the phenomenon of artificial modification of the skull, morphological and comparative typological methods were used aimed at identifying the forms, degree of expression and deformation techniques. Analysis of morphological features was carried out according to generally accepted classifications (classification of E. V. Zhirov.). When interpreting the data obtained, the archaeological context was taken into account - chronology, cultural affiliation and features of the funeral rite. Comparison of materials from Moldova and Armenia made it possible to trace regional features and possible cultural relationships in the practice of artificial head deformation.

Results. Skeletal remains of 220 individuals from the ancient burial grounds of Shirak were examined for traces of artificial cranial deformation. The Bokani series comprises two skulls. Comparison of deformation types with the chronological dynamics of early and late cultural complexes demonstrated that the fronto-occipital deformation was the most common form in both Moldova and Armenia. It is suggested that this practice may have served as a means of physically distinguishing the individuals who bore it from others.

Research implications. Systematization of data on the distribution of artificial cranial deformation contributes to understanding cultural continuity and interaction among contemporaneous societies and reflects the migratory processes of ancient populations.

Aim. To examine and analyze the horse burials from the excavations of the Ladozhskij burial ground on Kolodeznaya Street, conducted by the Krasnodar Museum of Local History in 1945–1946. One of the burials, with six horses at a stable, is an unusual feature for Mаeotian ground burial grounds. Since no finds from the horse burials were found in the museum's collections, an attempt was made to analyze the burial rite and inventory using archival materials, including the personal archive of the excavation author.

Methodology. The analysis of archival materials and documents of the Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Krasnodar Historical and Archaeological Museum-Reserve named after E. D. Felitsyn. The comparative-typological method and the method of dating by analogy were used in the study.

Results. The article contains materials and documents on the horse burials from the Ladozhskij burial ground excavated in 1945–1946, which have not been fully published before. The findings are described, and analogies are provided from well-dated complexes. Previously unpublished archival materials are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time.

Research implications. The results of the study contribute to the archaeology of the Kuban region. This work is of undoubted interest to researchers of the Maeotian culture, as it is the first publication of excavation materials from one of the well-known archaeological sites. The materials presented in the article can be used in archaeology courses, as well as in the study of specific aspects of the archaeology of the Early Iron Age in the North-Western Caucasus.

Aim. To reveal the ontological foundations of imperial power in pre-Restoration Japan through a critical analysis of the conceptual frameworks employed in modern Western historiography, which claims to describe a gender-pluralistic model of succession.

Methodology. A critical analysis of narrative sources and archaeological data was conducted. Historical-genetic and comparative methods were applied to deconstruct the examined concepts.

Results. It was established that female rule served as an instrument for ensuring patrilineal succession (uji) in times of dynastic crisis. The power of empresses was temporary and derivative, while the legitimacy of the system (bansei ikkei) was fundamentally based on male-line descent.

Research implications. The study systematizes the critique of anachronistic interpretations and introduces an ontologically grounded approach to analyzing dynastic power. The connection between the principle of uji and the 1889 Imperial Household Law is substantiated to forecast potential implications of future reforms.

Aim. To explore the features of the ideology of "Yugoslavism" among the Croatian intelligentsia and clergy; to study the activities of the leading Croatian political parties in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, which aimed to create a Yugoslav state where the interests of the Croatian people could be realized.

Methodology. The study is based on the principles of objectivity and historicism; the historical-comparative and historical-systemic methods of historical research are applied.

Results.  The main activities of the elite and influential groups of the Croatian population, the intelligentsia and the clergy, during the period when the Croatian lands were part of Austria-Hungary are characterized; differences and similarities in the ideological and political ideas of the leading Croatian political movements on the ways to create a Yugoslav state within Austria-Hungary are considered; the role of the leading Croatian social groups and their parties in defending their national interests in the formation and functioning of the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes; the consequences of the actions of the political actions of Croatian political parties and movements in the late 19th- first third of the 20th century are presented.

Research implications. The article contributes to revealing the influence of various political groups united by national, cultural, or religious goals on the formation and development of various state entities in southeastern Europe. The research's generalizations and conclusions will help to gain a better understanding of political processes in modern countries of the Balkan Peninsula in general, and in the countries of the former Yugoslavia in particular. The results of the study can be used in writing scientific articles or preparing scientific reports related to the history of the Balkan countries in the late 19^th century and the first third of the 20^th century.

Aim. The article reveals the role of the Colombian-Peruvian war (1932–1933) in the context of the development of the left movement in Colombia.

Methodology. An analysis of archival materials was carried out, including an assessment of the Third International of hostilities between countries, as well as the state of the communist movement in them.

Results. The analysis showed that the Colombian-Peruvian war was not just a local conflict, but also played an important role in suppressing popular movements within countries against the background of the towering role of communist movements.

Research implications. In the course of this study, new archival documents were introduced into scientific circulation, an assessment of the Colombian-Peruvian war was carried out not only from the point of view of the development of the left movement in Colombia, but also in the context of the Comintern's ties with Latin America.

Aim.  Analyze the formation and development of the Chinese media platform (digital platform) WeChat, developed by Tencent Holdings Limited in 2011.

Methodology. Reinterpretation of published data, comparative analysis, comparative historical analysis of data from the WeChat media platform, the official website of the Tencent group, data from www.statista.com and www.demandsage.com. sites were carried out.

Results. The analysis showed that over the past 10 years WeChat has been developing rapidly, but with a slight decrease in 2023. At the same time, WeChat is primarily focused on the Chinese market.

Research implications. Concrete manifestations of "communicative capitalism" and "network society" are comprehended. The results of the study can be used as a practical guide for everyone who is going to work on the Web with the PRC.

Aim. Analysis of assessments of the Comintern policy by German historians at the present stage.

Methodology. Publications devoted to the activities of the Comintern that fit the specified criteria were studied, several groups of researchers were formed depending on their assessments.

Results. The analysis showed that most northern European historians believe that the Comintern's intervention in the politics of the communist parties had a negative impact on them: the leadership was "directively" replaced, the number of parties decreased, and participation in the Popular Fronts was ineffective. On the other hand, a number of researchers come to the conclusion that the international organizations created by the Comintern (for example, the League Against Imperialism and Colonial Oppression) significantly contributed to the resolution of racial and colonial issues.

Research implications. For the first time, the research material on this topic has been summarized. The problems of studying the relationship of the Comintern with the communist parties.