Aim. To reconstruct the historical views of K. D. Ushinsky, to determine their place in the develop􀀐 ment of Russian social thought.
Metodology. The main source base of the study was the works of Ushinsky, including published materials of lectures and diary entries. The study was based on the methodology of intellectual history. Ushinsky’s historical views were compared with the views on world and Russian history contemporary to him.
Results. Ushinsky’s historical views are presented in a complex form and disclosed as an original phenomenon in the development of Russian social thought in the 19th century. The potential of Ushinsky’s ideas is shown in the prospects of rethinking the historical process.
Research implications. It is advisable to use the research materials in educational activities, to in􀀐 clude them in the recommended literature for courses on the history of Russian social thought, the history of historical science and the history of pedagogy.

Aim. To consider the life path of the great Russian teacher K. D. Ushinsky and his influence on Russian pedagogical thought.
Methodology. The main content of the study is the materials of a retrospective analysis of K. D. Ushinsky’s activities.
Results. A holistic analysis of Ushinsky’s pedagogical heritage has been carried out. His contribution to the formation of Russian pedagogical science is revealed. The analysis of Ushinsky’s scientific heritage allows us to consider him an ideologist and founder of scientific and pedagogical support for the formation of the Russian folk school.
Research implications. The research materials can be used by specialists in the field of pedagogy, and school teachers in preparation for lessons.

Aim. To address the significance of the legacy of K. D. Ushinsky’s works for the development of the Russian education system as well as to consider the influence of the pedagogical thought of the great Russian teacher on the modern school in the conditions of serious external and internal challenges.
Methodology. The main content of the study is the materials of the authors’ retrospective view of the work and legacy of K.D. Ushinsky.
Results. According to the results of the study, the authors concluded that the relevance of K.D. Ush􀀐 insky’s research in modern times has significantly increased in the context of internal and external challenges concerning the national school.
Research implications. The research materials can be used by specialists in the field of pedagogy and education, and by school teachers in preparation for lessons

Aim. To present retrospective review of the main development stages of the Orthodox pedagogical tradition from the era of the formation of the Old Russian state to the formation of modern pedagogi􀀐 cal science at the turn of the 19th–20th centuries.
Methodology. The study is based on a set of materials reflecting the evolution of Russian Orthodox pedagogical culture, the most important place among which is occupied by monuments of ancient Russian moral literature and translated works of Byzantine church writers. The methodological basis of the work was the methodology of historical comparative studies.
Results. The analysis convincingly showed the stability of the most important ideological provisions of the Orthodox pedagogical model in the context of the transformation of socio-political and ideo􀀐 logical attitudes.
Research implications. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that it is necessary to revive and further develop the practical experience of using the Orthodox pedagogical model in a modern Russian school

Аim. To investigate the tradition of folk (peasant) worship of St. George in Russia in the 19th century and the manifestation of the specific feature of folk life and mindset known as “double belief” (“dvoeverie”) – the presence of elements of another belief in religion.
Methodology. This paper analyzes the materials of ethnographic magazines of the 19th century, works of ethnographers and other academic works on the worship of the St. George and “double belief” traditions in Russia. The critical analysis of sources and comparative analysis of research literature have been used.
Results. The analysis and systematization of sources and scientific literature on the traditions of the worship of St. George in Russia in the 19th century have been carried out. Based on a large amount of actual materials, including little-studied ethnographic materials of the 19th century and also comparative analysis of researches on the Saint George’s worship, the traditions of his worship in the mentioned period and existence of the “double belief” traditions have been shown. The article also touches upon the topic of unjustified criticism оf the term “double belief” in some academic works, reveals correspondence of use of this term to the phenomenon under consideration and facts of religious life.
Research implications. The research allows to systematize extensive factual material containing information about specific features of the worship of St. George in Russia in the 19th century. Besides this the research confirms the applicability of the term “double belief” for the description of specific features of common folk religious mindset.

Aim. To reveal how Russian messianic ideas were reflected in Fyodor Tyutchev’s letters, how and what influenced the formation of the poet’s views on foreign policy, and the actual value of his con􀀐 clusions in the context of current state of affairs.
Methodology. The research is based on the use of methods connected with the study of sources of personal origin. In the course of the analysis of F. I. Tyutchev’s letters, the poet’s arguments concern􀀐 ing Russia’s foreign policy were revealed. The use of the biographical method made it possible to better understand the motivation and the poet’s system of views. The emphasis was also placed on the historical context and the genesis of Tyutchev’s views
Results. It is stated that Russian messianic ideas were widely represented in Fyodor Tyutchev’s letters. It is concluded that the poet’s views on Russian policy were formed in the process of his diplomatic experience evaluation, as well as the events and trends in the development of Western countries. It is also demonstrated that Tyutchev’s remarks reflect the quite common at that time views on Russia, Europe and the Slavs, and characterize him as an original thinker.
Research implications. The article actualized the problems of Russia’s special purpose, and revealed the ideological significance and prognostic potential of Tyutchev’s views expressed in his letters, as applied to the current geopolitical situation and the definition of prospects for Russia’s foreign policy.

Aim. To investigate the process of formation of the republican art collection in the second half of the 1930s, using the example of the T. G. Shevchenko Kazakh National Art Gallery.
Methodology. The methodological basis was the theory of modernization, which allows us to con􀀐 sider the process of formation of the republican art collection in the 1930s as one of the ways the Soviet state transformed the socio-cultural space of Kazakhstan. Historical-genetic and historicalcomparative methods were used to implement the research objectives.
Results. As a result of studying a wide range of sources, it was revealed that due to the peculiarities of institutional management of the USSR art sphere in the 1930s, the mechanism for the formation of the art collection included in the use of All-Union and republican regulatory and financial resource, which made it possible to lay the foundations of the republican-level exposition in the Kazakh SSR by the end of the 1930s.
Research implications. The generalized material can be used for in-depth study of the cultural policy of the early Stalinism era in the USSR republics, as well as in the preparation of textbooks and lecture courses on the modern history of Kazakhstan

Aim. To analyze the work of the youth section and the propaganda section of the Yaroslavl branch of The All-Russian Society for the Preservation of Historical and Cultural Monuments (VOOPIK) in the 1970-s, which aimed at attracting young people to the preservation of historical and cultural monuments.
Methodology. The author analyzed archival materials, consisting mainly of office records of the Center for Documentation of Contemporary History of the State Archive of the Yaroslavl Region. Furthermore, the article researched the materials of the regional periodical press related to the problems of preserving the historical and cultural heritage and attracting young people to this work. The paper applies historical-genetic and systemic methods, which reveal the development of forms and description of methods of the work of the youth section and the propaganda section of VOOPIK.
Results. In the work of the youth section and the propaganda section of the Yaroslavl branch of the VOOPIK we can identify the main forms of work with youth, which are: lectures, excursions, contests. Besides, VOOPIK managed to raise interest in the study of historical and cultural monuments of the region due to publications about historical and cultural monuments, covering its work in local periodicals and publishing work.
Research implications. The results of the study can be used in the development of the courses on local history and regional studies of the Yaroslavl region. The study of the VOOPIK work will contribute to the disclosure of the cultural potential, attract attention to the study and preservation of historical and cultural monuments, and benefit the development of tourism.

Aim. To reconstruct the chronology of discovery, development, and attempts to Christianize the terri􀀐 tory of Spanish Florida in the 16th century based on historical facts available for 2022, collected from various sources in different parts of the world.
Methodology. The author analyzes the corpus of historical sources and identifies causal relationships between the events of the discovery and development of Florida and the events in Europe and the West Indies, which were not previously reflected or were only partially reflected due to the discrep􀀐 ancy of information sources. The methodological basis was the principles of historicism, objectivity and consistency.
Results. For the first time, the history of the discovery, development and Christianization of Florida was constructed in chronological order and divided into several important stages due to the under􀀐 standing of the interrelated processes that took place in the New and Old World.
Research implications. For the first time in Russian historical science, the chronology of events and causal relationships of the discovery, development, and Christianization of Florida in the 16th century is presented in such detail. The publication of this work makes it possible to conduct a special course on the discovery and development of Florida from the 1500s to the 1590s. The created chronology is particularly effective for classification and studying the material at universities and schools.

Aim. To analyze the formation of socio-political views of Friedrich Hayek in the first half of his life. Methodology. Research methods are a combination of a biographical approach and the method of intellectual biography.
Results. The article is a presentation of the formation of F. Hayek’s socio-political ideas. The analysis of foreign historiography and sources led to the conclusion that the early general acquaintance of F. Hayek with the evolutionist thought paradigm contributed to the modification of Austrian thought about the development of socio-political institutions of two representatives of the Austrian school and the challenges from the political discourses of the interwar period (1918-1939). These factors pushed him to create his own political philosophy.
Research implications. Review of the biography and experiences of intellectual work makes it possible for us to reveal the problems and events that contributed to the establishment of F. Hayek as a political philosopher in the interwar period (1918-1939).

Aim. To analyze the state of the Golan Heights problem in the Middle East by the end of the Syrian- Israeli peace talks in 1994.
Methodology. The study analyzed a number of Middle Eastern publications. The methodology of the research is based on the principle of historicism. Methods of system analysis of events and their problem-chronological consideration are applied.
Results. The authors examined the historical background of the conflict around the Golan Heights in Syrian-Israeli relations. The strategic position of the region was analyzed, the legislative aspects related to the disputed territories were substantiated.
Research implications. The article summarizes the material on Syrian-Israeli relations. The research materials can be used in the development of special courses on the study of the Arab-Israeli conflicts

Aim. To reveal different approaches to the study of the constitution of the Septinsular Republic of 1799 in Russian historiography. Another goal is to identify the degree of knowledge of this problem.
Methodology. The author used historical-comparative method which made it possible to identify the similarities and the differences in the studies of various authors. The historical-genetic method was also used by the author which made it possible to establish the genetic relationships of these studies.
Results. The author identified various approaches in the study of the Septinsular Republic’s constitution of 1799 and the main results of the research on this topic obtained by Russian scientists. Conclusions were drawn about the further prospects for studying this issue.
Research implications. This research creates the basis for further study of the Septinsular Republic’s constitution of 1799.

Aim. To analyze the actions of Russian diplomacy in relation to China in 1911.
Methodology. The article examines the conflict between Russia and China in 1911 in connection with the demand of the Russian government to revise certain articles of the trade agreement of 1881. The comparative-historical method, methods of generalization and interpretation of the results were used in the study.
Results. In the course of the work, the causes of the conflict were identified, quotes from the Euro􀀐 pean contemporary press were given, an assumption was made about the author of the article in «Herald of Europe», and the author’s commentary was presented.
Research implications. The results of the study contribute to the study of Russian diplomacy on the eve of the First World War.

Aim. To identify and compare the reasons for the citizens’ involvement in the terrorist organizations DAESH and the Taliban (prohibited in the Russia).
Methodology. The author analyzes cases of citizens’ involvement in the activities of terrorist organi􀀐 zations applying the method of comparative analysis as well as elements of case-study.
Results. Based on the analysis of cases of rank replenishment of the Taliban and Daesh, a set of similar reasons for involvement was identified, which includes such decisive motives as the personal one and the results of institutional influence, the importance of which significantly increases in the presence of social and economic prerequisites. Ideological and geographical aspects, as well as the impact on specific segments of the target audience, were identified as differences in the reasons for involvement.
Research Implications. The research results can be used in the work of state bodies in the sphere of national security responsible for systemic counteraction to recruitment into terrorist organizations, as well as by political scientists and journalists.