Aim. To reconstruct the key historical myths of modern Ukraine and conduct their critical analysis from the standpoint of Russian historiography.

Methodology. The study used the methodology of historical myths criticism, developed and tested within the framework of the development of the scientific school of the Moscow Region State University.

Results. An integral outline of the representation of the national history of Ukraine through the prism of historical mythology has been restored. The accentuated anti-Russian orientation of the historical myths formed in Ukraine and their predominant connection with the ideology of Ukrainian Nazism is shown.

Research implications. The materials of the presented study can be used in educational and teaching activities in order to counter anti-Russian historical propaganda. They can also be implemented into practice while solving the problems of denazification of Ukraine.

Aim. To identify and determine which ideas about the past of predominantly Russian-speaking territories are formed among the students and with the help of which techniques official educational goals are implemented in Ukrainian textbooks.

Methodology. The article analyzes the educational narrative from the viewpoint of its compliance with scientific facts and interpretations. At the same time, certain techniques are revealed (omission of some facts and exaggeration of the historical significance of others, etc.), the use of which creates a negative image of Russia’s role in the fate of Ukraine as a whole and always.

Results. The veiled and sometimes direct falsification of the history of the Northern Black Sea region and the Azov Sea region and the relationship of the Ukrainian people with Russia has been revealed. The following facts are hushed up: Russia’s support for the national liberation war against the Polish-Catholic gentry; political and economic benefits from the accession of the Hetmanate to Russia; the creation of new cities and conditions for development, industry, trade, culture. The main thing that disappears from the history of the multiethnic settlement of the Black Sea and the Azov Sea is the donation of the Wild Field and other lands conquered by Russia to the settlers, including the Ukrainians.

Research implications. The research has established the role of Ukrainian school textbooks in the formation of nationalist ideas about the past, in particular, the myth of the exclusive historical right of Ukraine to the multiethnic and predominantly Russian-speaking territories of the Northern Black Sea and the Azov Sea.

Aim. To study the key concepts of the origin of the Old Russian state in school textbooks of the history of Ukraine over the past 10 years. Special attention is paid to the specifics of highlighting the vocation of the Varangians and the formation of the state among the Slavs.

Methodology. The study relies on such methods as comparative analysis of data presented in Ukrainian history textbooks within the last decade.

Results. The authors revealed serious differences between Ukrainian and Russian history textbooks based on their interpretations of key facts of the genesis and development of the Ancient Russian state over the past decade.

Research implications. The research materials can be used by specialists in the field of historiography of school textbooks as well as by school teachers while preparing their teaching materials.

Aim. The purpose of the article is to study such an important direction of the socio-cultural activity of the Yaroslavl Diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church as charity.

Methodology. The main content of the study is the analysis of materials on the activities of charitable societies and institutions of the Yaroslavl Diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church in the second half of the 19^th century. The paper analyzes clerical and statistical materials, periodicals on the functioning of the diocese’s organizations to provide assistance to the poor. Problem-chronological, historical-system, and comparative-historical methods were applied in the article.

Results. The article reveals how, in the conditions of the post-reform period, the Yaroslavl Diocese continued its line of charitable societies and institutions development. The article proves that the activities of the diocese’s charitable organizations were of a relevant nature and occupied a significant place in the charitable activities of various departments, public organizations, and individuals.

Research implications. The materials of the research can be used by teachers in the development of special courses and seminars on the history and socio-cultural activities of the Russian Orthodox Church in the second half of the 19^th century, as well as on the social life of Russian society in the post-reform period.

Aim. To consider the question of the priority of the implementation of the task of carrying out the world revolution by the leaders of the RCP(b) with the help of the Communist International in the first years of its activity.

Methodology. The paper analyzes modern literature, a number of documents of the RGASPI to identify the features of the activities of the Comintern at the moments of the emergence of revolutionary situations in the Eurasian region in 1919–1923.

Results. It is concluded that, at least, no less important task of creating the Comintern than organizing the world revolution was to ensure the internal and external security of Soviet Russia.

Research implications. The article summarizes new material on the topic under study, related to the positions of historians who evaluate the Comintern not just as an organization created to carry out the world revolution.

Aim. To critically re-think the size of the crusader troops cited in the medieval chronicle “Annales Magdeburgenses”, which participated in the campaign in the lands of the Baltic Slavs, better known in historiography as the Wendish crusade of 1147.

Methodology. Based on the text of the Latin chronicle “Annales Magdeburgenses”, and also taking into account the estimates of the crusading troops’ number given in Russian and foreign historiography, the author makes an attempt to significantly reduce this figure, which, in his opinion, more accurately conveys the realities of that era. The method of comparison, the mathematical method, and the method of historical events reconstruction were used.

Results. It is concluded that the Latin chronicle “Annales Magdeburgenses”, in order to emphasize the scale of the campaign undertaken against the Slavs, gives greatly inflated figures that have no evidence. Based on a number of arguments presented, a conclusion was made about the greatly overestimated number of the troops and more reasonable figures are given for the number of people who participated in the campaign.

Research implications. Subjected to critical evaluation of the text of the Latin chronicle, as well as a number of modern studies. The author’s estimate of the number of crusader militias participating in the Wendish Crusade of 1147 is proposed.

Aim. To consider the features of the evolution of regional inequality of the PRC in the period from 1978 to 2010 within the framework of the developing scientific direction “historical demography” ( 历史人口统计学).

Methodology. The historical approach and the comparative historical method were used in the paper.

Results. The demographic factor is the determining factor in the inequality of China’s regions since the population is the main driver of regional economic development. GDP per capita, unemployment rate, natural growth rate, domestic capital, trade openness, urbanization rate are the main indicators in the analysis of regional inequality in China from 1978 to 2010.

Research implications. This study will be useful in studying China’s historical experience in solving problems of regional inequality.

Aim. To highlight the achievements of modern Russian historiography in the form of the most significant works on the historiography of the reign of Alexander I and Nicholas I as part of the pre-reform Russia period and their representation in modern school textbooks of the history of Russia.

Methodology. Special attention is paid to the consideration of the peasant question and its various aspects in the works of historians and school history textbooks as historiographic sources. By means of historiographic analysis, the main characteristics and viewpoints on attempts to solve the peasant problem of the specified period are revealed.

Results. Examples of the reflection of political issues in modern teaching guides of national history as a representation of the achievements of national historiography are identified and given.

Research implications. The results of the study contribute to the development of such scientific direction as studying history textbooks as historiographic sources.

Aim. To consider the historicization issues (substantiation of something in the form of an accomplished historical fact) in the social and humanitarian direction of metamodernism and the historical self-determination of the metamodernity cultural era.

Methodology. The analysis of the historical views correspondence in metamodernism with the theoretical sources on which they rely: the theory of cultural logics at three stages of the development of capitalism by F. Jamieson and modern versions of the modernization theory, is carried out. The historical-genetic method and the method of terminological analysis are used.

Results. The contradictions of the ideological content with the theoretical justification are revealed. The problems of using metamodernist concepts “after postmodern”, “after the end of history”, “new structure of feelings” in relation to the analysis of social causes and prerequisites of modern cultural trends are outlined.

Research implications. The theses and criticisms presented in the article may be of use to culture historians, culture experts, sociologists, and anyone interested in the latest trends in Western historical thought.

Aim. To consider the problem of fulfillment by the Communist Party of the Russian Federation of the requirements of presidential decrees on departization, the violation of which was a factor of political pressure on the Communist Party leadership in the context of confrontation between the legislative and executive authorities in the 1990s.

Methodology. The article examines repeated attempts by the authorities to reveal the violations by the Communist Party of the Russian Federation of the legislation on public associations, which established the exclusively territorial principle of the party structure. While conducting the study, problem-historical, systemic, and formal-legal methods were used.

Results. Minor violations of the principle of territorial structure by the Communist Party of the Russian Federation were revealed, which could not serve as a sufficient basis for applying serious legal sanctions to this party by government institutions that have not yet been integrated into a single “vertical” power structure.

Research implications. The political and legal aspects of the confrontation between the presidential power and the parliamentary communist opposition in the 1990s are revealed.

Aim. To analyze the memory politics as a political and intellectual phenomenon, its regional features and general patterns in the modern cultural and public spaces of Tatarstan, Bashkortostan and Chuvashia.

Methodology. The article is based on the methodological principles proposed in the memorial turn of modern historiography, which is focused on the studies of historical politics and memorial practices in political cultures of memory. The source base of the study is the mass media publications and documents of the state authorities of the national republics as the main participants in historical politics.

Results. The features of memorial politics are analyzed as well as the anniversaries of the national republics in 2019 and 2020 as elements of the memory politics. It is assumed that is mainly the state that shapes memory.

Research implications. The conclusions obtained actualize the universality of historical politics as a politics of memory. The author asserts the need for its further analysis. The statement of the inevitability of historical politics determines the need for comparative studies of memorial cultures.

Aim. To study the formation of the concept of Greater Eurasia (GE), identify the geographic and economic rationale for its consistency.

Methodology. The work is based on the multivariate analysis which makes it possible to reveal the structure, as well as cause-and-effect relationships in complex systems, in this case – the model of network trans-regionalism to which the GE belongs. The method of studying documents, comparison, institutional method, system analysis, and forecasting were applied in the research.

Results. The main results of the study include defining the nature and principles underlying the GE, identifying the vulnerable points of this initiative, clarifying the key goals, and proposing further possible directions for implementing the initiative.

Research implications. The work can become a roadmap for further research. It provides the basis for predicting the political situation in one of the most actively developing region – Greater Eurasia. The analysis of the possible evolution of GE can be used in the sphere of practical policy in elaborating Russia’s foreign policy towards the mainland countries.

Aim. To conduct a comparative analysis of two representations of war defined within two different paradigms of the political; representative and characteristic examples of which are the concept of a “law-limited” war by C. Schmitt and the philosophical concept of war as the “impotence of politics” by H. Hofmeister.

Methodology. The main content of the study is the formation of the perspective representation of war in two paradigms of the political; the essential and different characteristics of war for each concept are identified, and further combined into a conceptual unity according to the principles set by the perspective.

Results. The analysis has revealed the absence of a general representation of war and the difference in the content of the two concepts of war. The representation of war in the liberal paradigm of the political, according to the principles of liberal metaphysics, cannot be conceptualized, but represents a number of discourses (on “human nature”, “violence”, “justice”, etc.), normatively reduced to the concept of “unity” according to the imperatives of liberal ideology. The necessity of presenting war as a police operation (peacekeeping mission) is proved; it provides rationale to the impossibility of distinguishing between “internal” and “external” in the situation of exclusion of the sovereign (and sovereign decision) in the universal and global perspective of the reality representation in the liberal paradigm of the political.

Research implications. As a result of the research conducted, it was concluded that the “new war” (“permanent”, “total”, “fair”, “asymmetric”), constituted in the horizon of understanding politics as global governance and fundamentally denying recognition of the “legitimate enemy”, must be inherently “total” (according to modern terminology it is “hybrid”) war.

Aim. To study the formation of the concept of Greater Eurasia (GE), identify the geographic and economic rationale for its consistency.

Methodology. The work is based on the multivariate analysis which makes it possible to reveal the structure, as well as cause-and-effect relationships in complex systems, in this case – the model of network trans-regionalism to which the GE belongs. The method of studying documents, comparison, institutional method, system analysis, and forecasting were applied in the research.

Results. The main results of the study include defining the nature and principles underlying the GE, identifying the vulnerable points of this initiative, clarifying the key goals, and proposing further possible directions for implementing the initiative.

Research implications. The work can become a roadmap for further research. It provides the basis for predicting the political situation in one of the most actively developing region – Greater Eurasia. The analysis of the possible evolution of GE can be used in the sphere of practical policy in elaborating Russia’s foreign policy towards the mainland countries.