No 3 (2011)
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18-58 309
Abstract
The Round table conference in MGOU was
dedicated to a multifactor approach as a theoretical problem
of history studies. The speakers of the round table conference
and discussion touched upon a wide range of problems including
the question of unity and variety in the historical process
and historical knowledge; the correlation between state formation
and civilization approaches to studying history, Asias
production methods mentioned in the works of K. Marks and
Russian historians, etc. The participants of the Round table
conference were Dr of History L.B. Alaev (Institute of Oriental
Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences), S.A. Voronin
(Peoples Friendship University of Russia), V.I. Kuzishin (Lomonosov
Moscow State University), B.G. Mogilnitsky (Tomsk
State University), V.I. Ovsyannikov (Sholokhov Moscow State
University for Humanities), A.M. Rodriges (Moscow State
Pedagogical University), N.I. Smolensky (Moscow State Regional
University).
dedicated to a multifactor approach as a theoretical problem
of history studies. The speakers of the round table conference
and discussion touched upon a wide range of problems including
the question of unity and variety in the historical process
and historical knowledge; the correlation between state formation
and civilization approaches to studying history, Asias
production methods mentioned in the works of K. Marks and
Russian historians, etc. The participants of the Round table
conference were Dr of History L.B. Alaev (Institute of Oriental
Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences), S.A. Voronin
(Peoples Friendship University of Russia), V.I. Kuzishin (Lomonosov
Moscow State University), B.G. Mogilnitsky (Tomsk
State University), V.I. Ovsyannikov (Sholokhov Moscow State
University for Humanities), A.M. Rodriges (Moscow State
Pedagogical University), N.I. Smolensky (Moscow State Regional
University).
58-69 165
Abstract
The article is about Department of History, Political
Science and Law in MRPI-MPU-MGOU, which is celebrating
its 80th anniversary as well as the university. The article
considers the main stages of the faculty development, its staff
composition, its role and importance in preparing teaching
and research staff of the country. On the basis of the first
scientific documents the history of the faculty is revealed, and
like a drop of water it reflects the progress, challenges and
contradictions of the country.
Science and Law in MRPI-MPU-MGOU, which is celebrating
its 80th anniversary as well as the university. The article
considers the main stages of the faculty development, its staff
composition, its role and importance in preparing teaching
and research staff of the country. On the basis of the first
scientific documents the history of the faculty is revealed, and
like a drop of water it reflects the progress, challenges and
contradictions of the country.
69-73 112
Abstract
The article studies the scientific and pedagogical
activities of a well-known historian N.L. Rubinsteins, Professor
of the Moscow Region Pedagogical Institute named after
N.K. Krupskaya. The author analyses the style of his lectures
and the contents of his course of lectures on the history of
the USSR (1938-1939). The author comes to the conclusion
that N.L. Rubinsteins work as a university professor was an
important stage of his scientific and pedagogical career.
activities of a well-known historian N.L. Rubinsteins, Professor
of the Moscow Region Pedagogical Institute named after
N.K. Krupskaya. The author analyses the style of his lectures
and the contents of his course of lectures on the history of
the USSR (1938-1939). The author comes to the conclusion
that N.L. Rubinsteins work as a university professor was an
important stage of his scientific and pedagogical career.
74-77 90
Abstract
The article contains an analysis of the history
of the Bezobrazov family in the period between the 17th and
the early 20th centuries, conducted in a broad social and genealogical
context. The author reconstructs their genealogical
tree chart, studies the service record of the family members,
notably, in the self-government bodies of the nobility. Also
studied are the history of land possessions, matrimonial ties,
formal recognition of the Bezobrazovs nobility status in the
late 18th century, their participation in major historical events,
and other problems. The author tries to elucidate, to what extent
the process of evolution of the Russian élite influenced
historical fortunes of family members.
of the Bezobrazov family in the period between the 17th and
the early 20th centuries, conducted in a broad social and genealogical
context. The author reconstructs their genealogical
tree chart, studies the service record of the family members,
notably, in the self-government bodies of the nobility. Also
studied are the history of land possessions, matrimonial ties,
formal recognition of the Bezobrazovs nobility status in the
late 18th century, their participation in major historical events,
and other problems. The author tries to elucidate, to what extent
the process of evolution of the Russian élite influenced
historical fortunes of family members.
77-81 118
Abstract
The article analyses the circumstances causing
the increase of the number of public houses after the wine
reform of 1863. The author focuses on the role of tavern in
the life of post-reform countryside. Peoples views on public
house are represented in popular proverbs and sayings
about tavern. The article investigates alcohol expenditures
in peasants budgets and shows high profitability of tavern
business. The author draws the conclusion that increase of
the number of taverns, low price of spirits, illegal activity of
traders and lack of drinking culture aggravated the problem of
heavy drinking in the country.
the increase of the number of public houses after the wine
reform of 1863. The author focuses on the role of tavern in
the life of post-reform countryside. Peoples views on public
house are represented in popular proverbs and sayings
about tavern. The article investigates alcohol expenditures
in peasants budgets and shows high profitability of tavern
business. The author draws the conclusion that increase of
the number of taverns, low price of spirits, illegal activity of
traders and lack of drinking culture aggravated the problem of
heavy drinking in the country.
82-87 158
Abstract
The present paper explores the history and
etymology of two names - the Caucasus and Prometheus
(or Pkharmat in the Chechen version). Different scientists
hold different opinions concerning the etymologies of these
two words. This brings forward a new set of questions for the
researchers. According to legend, Prometheus was chained
to a rock in the Caucasus. The author of the article, however,
investigates real rather than mythical meanings of
these names. The analysis of the original linguistic material
in Chabirloevskiy dialect (one of the ancient dialects of the
Chechen language) allows to throw new light on the origin
of the two names, as well as to expand considerably their
semantic contents.
etymology of two names - the Caucasus and Prometheus
(or Pkharmat in the Chechen version). Different scientists
hold different opinions concerning the etymologies of these
two words. This brings forward a new set of questions for the
researchers. According to legend, Prometheus was chained
to a rock in the Caucasus. The author of the article, however,
investigates real rather than mythical meanings of
these names. The analysis of the original linguistic material
in Chabirloevskiy dialect (one of the ancient dialects of the
Chechen language) allows to throw new light on the origin
of the two names, as well as to expand considerably their
semantic contents.
87-97 86
Abstract
This article analyses the image of Germany on
the pages of the Russian press during the Russian-German
newspaper war in March 1914. The basic source for this article
is the Russian periodical press of various political orientations
- from the Black Hundreds to liberals. The author concludes
that the newspaper war intensified the Anti-German
moods in Russia. In the spring of 1914 the Russian press was
unanimous in condemnation of the German foreign policy, its
goals and its methods. The heat of the anti-German rhetoric
in the Russian press testifies to the fact that the newspaper
war became an important stage in the psychological
preparation of Russian society to the worlds armed conflict
of 1914-1918. It has contributed to the consolidation of various
socio-political forces in Russia in the face of the external
enemy.
the pages of the Russian press during the Russian-German
newspaper war in March 1914. The basic source for this article
is the Russian periodical press of various political orientations
- from the Black Hundreds to liberals. The author concludes
that the newspaper war intensified the Anti-German
moods in Russia. In the spring of 1914 the Russian press was
unanimous in condemnation of the German foreign policy, its
goals and its methods. The heat of the anti-German rhetoric
in the Russian press testifies to the fact that the newspaper
war became an important stage in the psychological
preparation of Russian society to the worlds armed conflict
of 1914-1918. It has contributed to the consolidation of various
socio-political forces in Russia in the face of the external
enemy.
98-102 83
Abstract
Based on a field expedition material collected
in the Republic of Mordovia (2008-2011), the article focuses
on the preservation and transformation of traditional wedding
ceremonies in the families of Georgian immigrants who came
to Mordovia (the Russian Federation) from Georgia and Abkhazia.
Without roots, their traditional family rituals undergo
transformation under the influence of universal western urban
culture, cross-cultural, multilingual and multinational environment.
The notion of family is viewed by the author as an
important factor in the Georgian ethnic identity preservation.
In such circumstances traditional family links, family and wedding
rituals, as well as national food, play the role of ethnic
markers, preserving and presenting the ethnic identity of migrants.
in the Republic of Mordovia (2008-2011), the article focuses
on the preservation and transformation of traditional wedding
ceremonies in the families of Georgian immigrants who came
to Mordovia (the Russian Federation) from Georgia and Abkhazia.
Without roots, their traditional family rituals undergo
transformation under the influence of universal western urban
culture, cross-cultural, multilingual and multinational environment.
The notion of family is viewed by the author as an
important factor in the Georgian ethnic identity preservation.
In such circumstances traditional family links, family and wedding
rituals, as well as national food, play the role of ethnic
markers, preserving and presenting the ethnic identity of migrants.
103-106 109
Abstract
The article analyses the modern historiography
of the Warsaw Pact. The author notes the differences
in estimates of the place and role of the Warsaw Treaty Organization
in the global collective security and cooperation
system. The position of researchers in this matter is largely
determined by diverse views on the bipolar confrontation of
the cold war. However, there is a notable advance in the studies
of this issue, which is largely due to the departure from the
ideological stereotypes of the Soviet epoch. In recent years
the historiography of the problem was significantly expanded
and enriched by the researches of both well known and young
Ukrainian specialists.
of the Warsaw Pact. The author notes the differences
in estimates of the place and role of the Warsaw Treaty Organization
in the global collective security and cooperation
system. The position of researchers in this matter is largely
determined by diverse views on the bipolar confrontation of
the cold war. However, there is a notable advance in the studies
of this issue, which is largely due to the departure from the
ideological stereotypes of the Soviet epoch. In recent years
the historiography of the problem was significantly expanded
and enriched by the researches of both well known and young
Ukrainian specialists.
107-110 87
Abstract
This article is devoted to the problems of research
of breastplates in the Russian Empire. The author
presents the history of the development of scientific knowledge
on this issue and the analysis of basic works on the
theme. The article also includes the chronological stages in
accumulating the material. The research allowed to classify
the material and divide it into three thematic groups: joint
catalogues, catalogues of breastplates and other symbols of
specific organizations, catalogues of the symbols of ministries
and departments and the information concerning individual
monuments. On the basis of the analysis of the material the
author makes a conclusion about the reasons for the increase
of researches during the Post-Soviet period and about possible
directions of the studies in the future.
of breastplates in the Russian Empire. The author
presents the history of the development of scientific knowledge
on this issue and the analysis of basic works on the
theme. The article also includes the chronological stages in
accumulating the material. The research allowed to classify
the material and divide it into three thematic groups: joint
catalogues, catalogues of breastplates and other symbols of
specific organizations, catalogues of the symbols of ministries
and departments and the information concerning individual
monuments. On the basis of the analysis of the material the
author makes a conclusion about the reasons for the increase
of researches during the Post-Soviet period and about possible
directions of the studies in the future.
111-115 78
Abstract
The article focuses on the collection of leather
shoes manufactured in the 14th-15th centuries. This collection
was discovered during the excavation of the Slavensky end,
in Veliky Novgorod. The excavation revealed a 150 m2 medieval
bedding of the 12th and the first half of the 14th century
and a representational collection of the so-called archaeological
leather consisting mostly of shoe details and leather
scraps and cuttings of the late 14th - early 15th centuries. On
the basis of the received material, the authors reconstruct the
shoe styles which were popular during the investigated period,
and locate the shoe-making workshops.
shoes manufactured in the 14th-15th centuries. This collection
was discovered during the excavation of the Slavensky end,
in Veliky Novgorod. The excavation revealed a 150 m2 medieval
bedding of the 12th and the first half of the 14th century
and a representational collection of the so-called archaeological
leather consisting mostly of shoe details and leather
scraps and cuttings of the late 14th - early 15th centuries. On
the basis of the received material, the authors reconstruct the
shoe styles which were popular during the investigated period,
and locate the shoe-making workshops.
116-120 100
Abstract
The article presents an attempt of historical and
statistical description of Russias village life in the pre-revolutionary
period. The author focuses on the description of the
village of Velikiy Dvor located in the Taldom area of the Tver
Province (nowadays - Moscow Region). This village whose
history spans for about two hundred years reflects the history
of the whole country. Peter the Greats state, social and
economic reforms gave birth to the rapid development of the
craft of shoemaking - the main employment of peasants not
only within the borders of this village, but also in other villages
and cities of the Russian Empire, especially in Moscow and
St. Petersburg.
statistical description of Russias village life in the pre-revolutionary
period. The author focuses on the description of the
village of Velikiy Dvor located in the Taldom area of the Tver
Province (nowadays - Moscow Region). This village whose
history spans for about two hundred years reflects the history
of the whole country. Peter the Greats state, social and
economic reforms gave birth to the rapid development of the
craft of shoemaking - the main employment of peasants not
only within the borders of this village, but also in other villages
and cities of the Russian Empire, especially in Moscow and
St. Petersburg.
121-125 79
Abstract
The study of towns of Russia of the pre-reform
period invariably encounters the problem of the character of
settlements. On the basis of existing researches, the author
analyses what settlements were called towns officially or classified
as similar to towns, and why, on the boundary of the
18th -19thcenturies. This approach allows not only to define
the number and allocate the basic types and groups of towns
and settlements close to them, but also to comprehend the
norms of the historical period which gave them their status.
period invariably encounters the problem of the character of
settlements. On the basis of existing researches, the author
analyses what settlements were called towns officially or classified
as similar to towns, and why, on the boundary of the
18th -19thcenturies. This approach allows not only to define
the number and allocate the basic types and groups of towns
and settlements close to them, but also to comprehend the
norms of the historical period which gave them their status.
126-130 99
Abstract
The article deals with the Polish question in the
publicist heritage of M. P. Pogodin relating to the period from
the beginning of the Crimean War to the Polish rebellion of
1863. M. P. Pogodins articles represent his attitude to Poland
and the Poles as a nation. The article considers the publicists
plans concerning the new phase of the development of the
Polish Kingdom during the Crimean War and in the post-war
period. The article also analyses the territorial arguments between
the Poles and the Russians over the western provinces
of the Russian Empire, which were formerly part of Rzecz Pospolita.
It investigates Pogodins variants of solving this problem
and his idea of determining the borders of the region.
publicist heritage of M. P. Pogodin relating to the period from
the beginning of the Crimean War to the Polish rebellion of
1863. M. P. Pogodins articles represent his attitude to Poland
and the Poles as a nation. The article considers the publicists
plans concerning the new phase of the development of the
Polish Kingdom during the Crimean War and in the post-war
period. The article also analyses the territorial arguments between
the Poles and the Russians over the western provinces
of the Russian Empire, which were formerly part of Rzecz Pospolita.
It investigates Pogodins variants of solving this problem
and his idea of determining the borders of the region.
131-134 58
Abstract
Until now the ideas of Russian sophiologists
of the late 19th - early 20th century have been considered
from the philosophical point of view. The article analyses how
these philosophers, who adhered to the concept of all-unity,
interpreted the events of the first Russian revolution. The
sophiologists felt the changes that took place in the country
and tried to explain, conceptualize and put down their attitudes
and views. Some representatives of this trend called for
peaceful reform of the country, maintaining the idea of all-unity.
Others (although supporting the same concept of universal
unity) considered the events of the first Russian revolution as
a sign of religious revival and transition to democracy.
of the late 19th - early 20th century have been considered
from the philosophical point of view. The article analyses how
these philosophers, who adhered to the concept of all-unity,
interpreted the events of the first Russian revolution. The
sophiologists felt the changes that took place in the country
and tried to explain, conceptualize and put down their attitudes
and views. Some representatives of this trend called for
peaceful reform of the country, maintaining the idea of all-unity.
Others (although supporting the same concept of universal
unity) considered the events of the first Russian revolution as
a sign of religious revival and transition to democracy.
135-140 78
Abstract
Home state loans were the main tools of financial
policy of the state during the whole Soviet period. The
novelty of the investigation lies in the fact that on the basis of
the documents from the archieves we analyse the process of
searching appropriate ways of large scale credit operations of
the government in the first decade of the Soviet regime. For
some reason the problem investigated hasnt found due consideration
in the Soviet historiography. Much of the archive
material has become available to a wider audience.
policy of the state during the whole Soviet period. The
novelty of the investigation lies in the fact that on the basis of
the documents from the archieves we analyse the process of
searching appropriate ways of large scale credit operations of
the government in the first decade of the Soviet regime. For
some reason the problem investigated hasnt found due consideration
in the Soviet historiography. Much of the archive
material has become available to a wider audience.
140-144 69
Abstract
Home state loans were the main tools of financial
policy of the state during the whole Soviet period. The
novelty of the investigation lies in the fact that on the basis of
the documents from the archieves we analyse the process of
searching appropriate ways of large scale credit operations of
the government in the first decade of the Soviet regime. For
some reason the problem investigated hasnt found due consideration
in the Soviet historiography. Much of the archive
material has become available to a wider audience.
policy of the state during the whole Soviet period. The
novelty of the investigation lies in the fact that on the basis of
the documents from the archieves we analyse the process of
searching appropriate ways of large scale credit operations of
the government in the first decade of the Soviet regime. For
some reason the problem investigated hasnt found due consideration
in the Soviet historiography. Much of the archive
material has become available to a wider audience.
145-147 72
Abstract
Each historical stage of social development is
characterised by a certain level of economic and cultural development
of the society - the factors which determine the
countrys achievements as well as shortcomings inhibiting its
future development. The search for successful ways of economic
and cultural development of Russian society at the beginning
of the 21st century causes a growing interest among
researchers in studying and evaluating the modernization
projects put forward by the Soviet State in the first post-revolutionary
decade. The article considers the Soviet methods of
solving the problem of integration of the North Caucasus into
the all-Russia economic and cultural space.
characterised by a certain level of economic and cultural development
of the society - the factors which determine the
countrys achievements as well as shortcomings inhibiting its
future development. The search for successful ways of economic
and cultural development of Russian society at the beginning
of the 21st century causes a growing interest among
researchers in studying and evaluating the modernization
projects put forward by the Soviet State in the first post-revolutionary
decade. The article considers the Soviet methods of
solving the problem of integration of the North Caucasus into
the all-Russia economic and cultural space.
148-150 60
Abstract
This article provides the analysis of the main
reasons for the Soviet Unions policy regarding the Baltic
states which is still the subject of serious and controversial
discussion among Russian and foreign historians. The author
points out the main features of the political situation at the end
of the 1930-s and the beginning of the 1940-s, and the peculiarities
of the strategic and territorial position of the Baltic
states which were located between two totalitarian countries
- the USSR and Germany.
reasons for the Soviet Unions policy regarding the Baltic
states which is still the subject of serious and controversial
discussion among Russian and foreign historians. The author
points out the main features of the political situation at the end
of the 1930-s and the beginning of the 1940-s, and the peculiarities
of the strategic and territorial position of the Baltic
states which were located between two totalitarian countries
- the USSR and Germany.
151-156 130
Abstract
This article considers the role of architecture in
the life of the Soviet society and examines such problems as
the social reasons for mass town planning, the influence of science
and technology progress on architecture, the economic
and aesthetic principles of the Soviet architecture. Guided by
the historical experience of mass housing construction practice
in the USSR, the article describes housing construction
as a social and cultural phenomenon necessary for normal,
human living conditions of millions of people, as a means for
creating humanitarian space and ensuring social, cultural and
spiritual identity of people.
the life of the Soviet society and examines such problems as
the social reasons for mass town planning, the influence of science
and technology progress on architecture, the economic
and aesthetic principles of the Soviet architecture. Guided by
the historical experience of mass housing construction practice
in the USSR, the article describes housing construction
as a social and cultural phenomenon necessary for normal,
human living conditions of millions of people, as a means for
creating humanitarian space and ensuring social, cultural and
spiritual identity of people.
157-161 102
Abstract
The paper clarifies some understudied aspects
of establishing the principles for the economic reform of 1965.
In the final stage of laying down these principles , A.N. Kosygin
was forced to make certain compromises, dictated by the
political elite of the CPSU (the Communist Party of the Soviet
Union), which gave a temporary effect to the introduced
changes and required further deepening and developing of
the reforms. Thus, the ultimate failure of the reform was determined
by its political component. The failure was caused
by fears of Brezhnevs government that these transformations
might go beyond the theory of socialism in its narrow, dogmatic
understanding.
of establishing the principles for the economic reform of 1965.
In the final stage of laying down these principles , A.N. Kosygin
was forced to make certain compromises, dictated by the
political elite of the CPSU (the Communist Party of the Soviet
Union), which gave a temporary effect to the introduced
changes and required further deepening and developing of
the reforms. Thus, the ultimate failure of the reform was determined
by its political component. The failure was caused
by fears of Brezhnevs government that these transformations
might go beyond the theory of socialism in its narrow, dogmatic
understanding.
162-165 63
Abstract
The article determines the conditions of the development
of secondary special educational establishments
of the financial and economic profile in RSFSR in 1960-1991.
The investigation emphasizes efficient distribution of secondary
special educational establishments and its positive influence
on the preparation of specialists. The author determines
the role of regions in the development of the system of secondary
special educational establishments of the financeeconomic
profile.
of secondary special educational establishments
of the financial and economic profile in RSFSR in 1960-1991.
The investigation emphasizes efficient distribution of secondary
special educational establishments and its positive influence
on the preparation of specialists. The author determines
the role of regions in the development of the system of secondary
special educational establishments of the financeeconomic
profile.
166-170 92
Abstract
this article a comprehensive analysis of the current
model of national policies in Russia. The central purpose
of the publication - answer a problematic issue: why diversity
in the country of obvious factors force became a factor
of weak States. Of particular importance is redefining the
historical experience of the Russian nation as part of Russian
statehood. Since the beginning of Imperial construction
history of the Russian people is difficult to disentangle from
history of the multi-ethnic State. If inorodtsy who were part of
Russian Empire tended to retain their language and culture,
the development of Russian national identity complicated by
apparent vagueness of territorial, linguistic and sociocultural
characteristics of the Russian nation. Overcoming this trend
could lead to an objective examination of the history of the
Russian people in the context of national policy.
model of national policies in Russia. The central purpose
of the publication - answer a problematic issue: why diversity
in the country of obvious factors force became a factor
of weak States. Of particular importance is redefining the
historical experience of the Russian nation as part of Russian
statehood. Since the beginning of Imperial construction
history of the Russian people is difficult to disentangle from
history of the multi-ethnic State. If inorodtsy who were part of
Russian Empire tended to retain their language and culture,
the development of Russian national identity complicated by
apparent vagueness of territorial, linguistic and sociocultural
characteristics of the Russian nation. Overcoming this trend
could lead to an objective examination of the history of the
Russian people in the context of national policy.
171-176 115
Abstract
The article considers the importance of customary
law in law-making activities of a number of best known
rulers of ancient East and investigates its correlation with
public laws and regulations, appearing in legal documents in
the time of Uruinimgina, king of Lagash (the 24th century BC),
Lipit-Ishtar, ruler of the first dynasty of the Isin Kingdom (the
first half of the 20th century BC) and Hammurapi, King of the
Old-Babylonian state (the first half of 18th century BC).
law in law-making activities of a number of best known
rulers of ancient East and investigates its correlation with
public laws and regulations, appearing in legal documents in
the time of Uruinimgina, king of Lagash (the 24th century BC),
Lipit-Ishtar, ruler of the first dynasty of the Isin Kingdom (the
first half of the 20th century BC) and Hammurapi, King of the
Old-Babylonian state (the first half of 18th century BC).
176-182 73
Abstract
The article analyzes some specific features of
the Buddhist pagoda in Vietnam. The author investigates the
influence of traditional Vietnamese beliefs on Buddhist traditions,
which are reflected in architecture and images of the
Buddhist saints. The fusion of Buddhist traditions and traditional
Vietnamese beliefs is the most impressive and diverse
in the area of Bakbo. We can see this confusion not only in
the architecture of the pagoda but in the icons of saints. The
icon tradition is a separate sphere of the spiritual culture of
the Vietnamese which reflects the imagination of the founders
of the pagoda.
the Buddhist pagoda in Vietnam. The author investigates the
influence of traditional Vietnamese beliefs on Buddhist traditions,
which are reflected in architecture and images of the
Buddhist saints. The fusion of Buddhist traditions and traditional
Vietnamese beliefs is the most impressive and diverse
in the area of Bakbo. We can see this confusion not only in
the architecture of the pagoda but in the icons of saints. The
icon tradition is a separate sphere of the spiritual culture of
the Vietnamese which reflects the imagination of the founders
of the pagoda.
183-188 74
Abstract
The subject matter of this article is the trade
contacts between Great Britain and Iran in the 1830s and
1840s. The European and Asian countries were connected
by the transit trade via Russia. More developed economically,
Great Britain supplied the Iranian market with manufactured
goods - woolen cloth, luxury. The Iranian market, offering
specific and natural goods, attracted Europeans. They were
especially interested in silk, Irans major product for export.
With the help of customs data and merchants notes one can
get a better idea of the type and quantity of goods transported
via the Caspian Sea.
contacts between Great Britain and Iran in the 1830s and
1840s. The European and Asian countries were connected
by the transit trade via Russia. More developed economically,
Great Britain supplied the Iranian market with manufactured
goods - woolen cloth, luxury. The Iranian market, offering
specific and natural goods, attracted Europeans. They were
especially interested in silk, Irans major product for export.
With the help of customs data and merchants notes one can
get a better idea of the type and quantity of goods transported
via the Caspian Sea.
189-199 97
Abstract
On the basis of the documents relating to
1922-1930 of the Congregation of the Holy Office, the article
presents the first attempt to analyse the activity of its de
facto head - Cardinal R. Merry del Val. Not being public, this
activity escaped the attention of biographers of the cardinal,
although it was due to his position in the Curia that he was
able to develop the strategic directions adopted by Pius X, securing
thereby the results of his Pontificate, which determined
the development of the Catholic Church in the 20th century.
This article is the first attempt at analyzing the individual motives
of the cardinal, who was faithful both to his beliefs and to
the policy of the reigning Pope.
1922-1930 of the Congregation of the Holy Office, the article
presents the first attempt to analyse the activity of its de
facto head - Cardinal R. Merry del Val. Not being public, this
activity escaped the attention of biographers of the cardinal,
although it was due to his position in the Curia that he was
able to develop the strategic directions adopted by Pius X, securing
thereby the results of his Pontificate, which determined
the development of the Catholic Church in the 20th century.
This article is the first attempt at analyzing the individual motives
of the cardinal, who was faithful both to his beliefs and to
the policy of the reigning Pope.
200-204 308
Abstract
The article gives a comparative analysis of the
basic aspects of the ideology of fascism and Friedrich Nietzsches
philosophy and views. Showing the influence of Nietzsche
on fascist outlook the author considers key points of
fascist ideology and the view of fascism on a number moral,
social, political questions raised by Friedrich Nietzsche. The
author reveals similarities of the moral, ethical, political, social
views of the philosopher, presented in his works, and fascist
ideology. The article points out their common positive attitude
to war, a tendency to view war as an ennobling, sacral phenomenon.
basic aspects of the ideology of fascism and Friedrich Nietzsches
philosophy and views. Showing the influence of Nietzsche
on fascist outlook the author considers key points of
fascist ideology and the view of fascism on a number moral,
social, political questions raised by Friedrich Nietzsche. The
author reveals similarities of the moral, ethical, political, social
views of the philosopher, presented in his works, and fascist
ideology. The article points out their common positive attitude
to war, a tendency to view war as an ennobling, sacral phenomenon.
205-210 87
Abstract
The article deals with the Soviet-British relations
from 1985 to 1991. Particular attention is paid to the
relations between these two countries in the periodical press
of the USSR, which at the time of perestroika and glasnost
began to analyse both internal and international processes
in a new way. Investigation of the periodical press as a historical
source (Pravda, Soviet Russia, Izvestia, Komsomolskaya
Pravda, Arguments and Facts, Nezavisimaya
Gazeta, Kommersant) is based on the analysis of media
discourse that contains the key concepts of political discourse
- the power, friend/foe.
from 1985 to 1991. Particular attention is paid to the
relations between these two countries in the periodical press
of the USSR, which at the time of perestroika and glasnost
began to analyse both internal and international processes
in a new way. Investigation of the periodical press as a historical
source (Pravda, Soviet Russia, Izvestia, Komsomolskaya
Pravda, Arguments and Facts, Nezavisimaya
Gazeta, Kommersant) is based on the analysis of media
discourse that contains the key concepts of political discourse
- the power, friend/foe.
211-217 72
Abstract
This article analyses the image of Germany on
the pages of the Russian press during the Russian-German
newspaper war in March 1914. The basic source for this article
is the Russian periodical press of various political orientations
- from the Black Hundreds to liberals. The author concludes
that the newspaper war intensified the Anti-German
moods in Russia. In the spring of 1914 the Russian press was
unanimous in condemnation of the German foreign policy, its
goals and its methods. The heat of the anti-German rhetoric
in the Russian press testifies to the fact that the newspaper
war became an important stage in the psychological
preparation of Russian society to the worlds armed conflict
of 1914-1918. It has contributed to the consolidation of various
socio-political forces in Russia in the face of the external
enemy.
the pages of the Russian press during the Russian-German
newspaper war in March 1914. The basic source for this article
is the Russian periodical press of various political orientations
- from the Black Hundreds to liberals. The author concludes
that the newspaper war intensified the Anti-German
moods in Russia. In the spring of 1914 the Russian press was
unanimous in condemnation of the German foreign policy, its
goals and its methods. The heat of the anti-German rhetoric
in the Russian press testifies to the fact that the newspaper
war became an important stage in the psychological
preparation of Russian society to the worlds armed conflict
of 1914-1918. It has contributed to the consolidation of various
socio-political forces in Russia in the face of the external
enemy.
217-220 76
Abstract
The article considers Chinas nuclear problem
tracing it back to the time when it was launched in 1955. The
author questions the common sense assumption that Chinas
nuclear ambitions were primarily aimed at providing military
security as the launch of the programme seemingly jeopardized
the newly formed communist state. The article presents
evidence that the Chinese military and political elite did not
want China to be seen as a third-rate country and was motivated
by the desire to form a national identity and make up for
the grievances of the past.
tracing it back to the time when it was launched in 1955. The
author questions the common sense assumption that Chinas
nuclear ambitions were primarily aimed at providing military
security as the launch of the programme seemingly jeopardized
the newly formed communist state. The article presents
evidence that the Chinese military and political elite did not
want China to be seen as a third-rate country and was motivated
by the desire to form a national identity and make up for
the grievances of the past.
221-226 104
Abstract
The article analyses the party list electoral system
as one of the most popular kinds of the proportional electoral
system. The author studies the historical aspects of this
notion, defines the aims of the proportional electoral system,
investigates the various subsystems of the party list electoral
system, the ways of proportional mandate distribution, and
the advantages and disadvantages of party elections. The
author proves that the party list electoral system is the basis
of proportional elections.
as one of the most popular kinds of the proportional electoral
system. The author studies the historical aspects of this
notion, defines the aims of the proportional electoral system,
investigates the various subsystems of the party list electoral
system, the ways of proportional mandate distribution, and
the advantages and disadvantages of party elections. The
author proves that the party list electoral system is the basis
of proportional elections.
COMMUNICATION MANAGEMENT IN THE SYSTEM OF INTERNATIONAL
SECURITY : ON EXAMPLE OF WORLD WAR ON TERROR
227-234 93
Abstract
The author of the article analyzes the reputation
risks to which the world political system, business and
international security system are exposed as a result of the
effect (impact) of terrorist activity on communications. Reviewing
a wide span of literature the author summarizes the
existing ideas of terrorism prevention and formulates international
communication security measures.The article was
prepared within the bounds of the Federal Target Programme
Scientific & Pedagogic Personnel of Innovative Russia in
2009 - 2013.
risks to which the world political system, business and
international security system are exposed as a result of the
effect (impact) of terrorist activity on communications. Reviewing
a wide span of literature the author summarizes the
existing ideas of terrorism prevention and formulates international
communication security measures.The article was
prepared within the bounds of the Federal Target Programme
Scientific & Pedagogic Personnel of Innovative Russia in
2009 - 2013.
234-240 116
Abstract
This article analyses the concept of political
values, provides an overview of the history of its study in
the world and domestic political science and traces its evolution
in contemporary political science. It analyses the nature,
characteristics and levels of formation of political values. The
author considers the political values of citizens and social
groups formed at the micro level of social stratification and
socio-political values generated at its macro level - the state
level. The article assesses the role and functions of political
values in the contemporary society.
values, provides an overview of the history of its study in
the world and domestic political science and traces its evolution
in contemporary political science. It analyses the nature,
characteristics and levels of formation of political values. The
author considers the political values of citizens and social
groups formed at the micro level of social stratification and
socio-political values generated at its macro level - the state
level. The article assesses the role and functions of political
values in the contemporary society.
241-244 92
Abstract
This article focuses on the process of civil society
formation in Chile. The author considers its historical
prerequisites and studies the present day condition of civil
society development within the context of both political and
socio-economic realities. Special attention is paid to the role
of public organizations in the process of democratization of
the Chilean society. The author analyses the problems and
challenges Chilean citizens are faced with on the way to civil
society formation.
formation in Chile. The author considers its historical
prerequisites and studies the present day condition of civil
society development within the context of both political and
socio-economic realities. Special attention is paid to the role
of public organizations in the process of democratization of
the Chilean society. The author analyses the problems and
challenges Chilean citizens are faced with on the way to civil
society formation.
PUBLIC CONVERSATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE AS A CONDITION
FOR MAINTENANCE OF RUSSIAN NATIONAL IDENTITY
245-250 85
Abstract
The article focuses on the national identity crisis
caused by globalization and aggravated by the social and
political transformations taking place in Russia. It investigates
the specific dialectical interdependence of national, local and
individual levels of cultural identity and analyses the major approaches
to the solution of the problem. The author comes to
the conclusion that the humanistic dimension of the problem
is of prior importance. The analysis confirms that the conservation
of cultural heritage is one of the main steps towards the
solution of the problem of cultural identity.
caused by globalization and aggravated by the social and
political transformations taking place in Russia. It investigates
the specific dialectical interdependence of national, local and
individual levels of cultural identity and analyses the major approaches
to the solution of the problem. The author comes to
the conclusion that the humanistic dimension of the problem
is of prior importance. The analysis confirms that the conservation
of cultural heritage is one of the main steps towards the
solution of the problem of cultural identity.
250-255 77
Abstract
The article focuses on the political and legal regulations
of the process of social adaptation of new migrants
on the territory of the Samara region. The author examines
three systems which promote social adaptation of new migrants
in the local community: the standard-legal system
and the systems of employment and social protection. These
mechanisms provide (social protection - should provide)
for the basic needs of social adaptation of new migrants,
therefore it is possible to qualify them as basic mechanisms
of social adaptation.
of the process of social adaptation of new migrants
on the territory of the Samara region. The author examines
three systems which promote social adaptation of new migrants
in the local community: the standard-legal system
and the systems of employment and social protection. These
mechanisms provide (social protection - should provide)
for the basic needs of social adaptation of new migrants,
therefore it is possible to qualify them as basic mechanisms
of social adaptation.
ISSN 2949-5156 (Print)
ISSN 2949-5164 (Online)
ISSN 2949-5164 (Online)
