No 2 (2011)
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7-11 101
Abstract
The article is concerned with a detailed
analysis of the main sources studying the history of the
Bezobrazovs who belonged to old Russian noble families.
The author has established that the genealogical
study of the family dates back to the middle of the 19th
century and proceeds with a detailed characterization
of researches made on the Bezobrazovs in pre-revolutionary
(works by P.N. Petrov, P.V. Dolgorukov, L.M.
Savyolov and others), emigrant ( works by N.F. Ikonnikov
and N.D. Pleshko) and modern Russian (works by
N.V. Frolov, I.J. Ryndin, G.A. Dvoyenosova and others)
historiography. The Bezobrazov family is studied on a
broad scale of national genealogy and historical science
development in the 19th - early 21st centuries. The most
acute problems of the genealogical research of the family
have been pointed out, which include contradicting
data in the 15th -16th century sources concerning the
first generations of the Bezobrazovs and preventing the
explorer from finding a common ancestor for some of
the family branches.
analysis of the main sources studying the history of the
Bezobrazovs who belonged to old Russian noble families.
The author has established that the genealogical
study of the family dates back to the middle of the 19th
century and proceeds with a detailed characterization
of researches made on the Bezobrazovs in pre-revolutionary
(works by P.N. Petrov, P.V. Dolgorukov, L.M.
Savyolov and others), emigrant ( works by N.F. Ikonnikov
and N.D. Pleshko) and modern Russian (works by
N.V. Frolov, I.J. Ryndin, G.A. Dvoyenosova and others)
historiography. The Bezobrazov family is studied on a
broad scale of national genealogy and historical science
development in the 19th - early 21st centuries. The most
acute problems of the genealogical research of the family
have been pointed out, which include contradicting
data in the 15th -16th century sources concerning the
first generations of the Bezobrazovs and preventing the
explorer from finding a common ancestor for some of
the family branches.
12-16 69
Abstract
This article explores the sources of data
on financial activity of Moscow nobility self-government
in the second half of the 19th century. The account
books of Deputies Assembly of Moscow Nobility are the
most reliable source for such investigation. With a great
number of account books of different kinds it is necessary
to detach books that can give a full account of the
development of Moscow nobility self-governments economic
activity. Having compared the data from different
account-books the author can clearly state that the most
complete and reliable sources are two kinds of financial
books: account books of nobilitys amount and cashbook
of nobility.
on financial activity of Moscow nobility self-government
in the second half of the 19th century. The account
books of Deputies Assembly of Moscow Nobility are the
most reliable source for such investigation. With a great
number of account books of different kinds it is necessary
to detach books that can give a full account of the
development of Moscow nobility self-governments economic
activity. Having compared the data from different
account-books the author can clearly state that the most
complete and reliable sources are two kinds of financial
books: account books of nobilitys amount and cashbook
of nobility.
17-21 215
Abstract
Тhе article is concerned with the analysis
of estimations and treatments of slavophilism, primarily
in the soviet historiography. Special attention is paid
to monistic and dualistic tendencies in studying slavophilism
within the framework of the class approach.
According to the first tendency slavophilism is regarded
either as purely conservative or liberal movement. According
to the second tendency both conservative and
liberal features of slavophilism are treated simultaneously.
The author suggests the dualistic treatment better
reflecting the internal discrepancy of slavophilism.
of estimations and treatments of slavophilism, primarily
in the soviet historiography. Special attention is paid
to monistic and dualistic tendencies in studying slavophilism
within the framework of the class approach.
According to the first tendency slavophilism is regarded
either as purely conservative or liberal movement. According
to the second tendency both conservative and
liberal features of slavophilism are treated simultaneously.
The author suggests the dualistic treatment better
reflecting the internal discrepancy of slavophilism.
22-24 67
Abstract
The article analyzes the appearance of
characters in the works by Alexander Ostrovsky, Nikolai
Leskov and Anton Chekhov as representatives of different
Russian ethnic groups and highlights their individual
and ethnic specific characteristics. Bodily-symbolic
component of the character is revealed through gender
ideals, attitudes and preferences of the described period.
Society does not only confirm but also establishes a
natural dichotomy between social and cultural symbols.
Evaluation and interpretation of the exterior features do
not often express mere properties of interacting groups,
but also relations between them.
characters in the works by Alexander Ostrovsky, Nikolai
Leskov and Anton Chekhov as representatives of different
Russian ethnic groups and highlights their individual
and ethnic specific characteristics. Bodily-symbolic
component of the character is revealed through gender
ideals, attitudes and preferences of the described period.
Society does not only confirm but also establishes a
natural dichotomy between social and cultural symbols.
Evaluation and interpretation of the exterior features do
not often express mere properties of interacting groups,
but also relations between them.
25-30 101
Abstract
The paper covers the crisis of the Russian
country life in late 19th - early 20th centuries. Based
on the memoirs of the so-called first wave of Russian
emigrants the study investigates the processes the Russian
manors declining and falling into decay. The author
considers some negative economical and social processes
occurring in the life of the Russian landowners
after abolition of serfdom, their attempts to reform manors
and adapt them to new economic conditions. The
study is also focused on destructive consequences of
the pogroms in 1905 as well as the causes of decay of
the country culture in early 20th century.
country life in late 19th - early 20th centuries. Based
on the memoirs of the so-called first wave of Russian
emigrants the study investigates the processes the Russian
manors declining and falling into decay. The author
considers some negative economical and social processes
occurring in the life of the Russian landowners
after abolition of serfdom, their attempts to reform manors
and adapt them to new economic conditions. The
study is also focused on destructive consequences of
the pogroms in 1905 as well as the causes of decay of
the country culture in early 20th century.
31-35 51
Abstract
The article presents a general review of
reports on personal letters and letters of applications
addressed to I.V. Stalin during the period from 1946 to
1952 and kept in Fund 588 of the Russian State Archive
of Social and Political History. The reports include the
abstracts of letters, chosen for Stalin to get acquainted
with, and a few handwritten, typed or copied full-text
letters (not more than two or five in each report). The
themes of the letters vary greatly. Therefore, the study
is concerned only with the most significant of them, to
which the authors refer inquiry letters asking to clarify
some theoretical questions from different fields of
knowledge (geopolitics, political economy, psychology,
linguistics, etc.).
reports on personal letters and letters of applications
addressed to I.V. Stalin during the period from 1946 to
1952 and kept in Fund 588 of the Russian State Archive
of Social and Political History. The reports include the
abstracts of letters, chosen for Stalin to get acquainted
with, and a few handwritten, typed or copied full-text
letters (not more than two or five in each report). The
themes of the letters vary greatly. Therefore, the study
is concerned only with the most significant of them, to
which the authors refer inquiry letters asking to clarify
some theoretical questions from different fields of
knowledge (geopolitics, political economy, psychology,
linguistics, etc.).
36-42 111
Abstract
The paper examines the role of public law
in the formation of centralized state structures and territorial
entities in ancient Mesopotamia in the 22nd - 18th
centuries BC. Early public law was chiefly aimed at restoring
justice that was supposed to unite freemen in
a single centralized state of an imperial type. Later with
the appearance of a large number of the kings men, law
also acquired functions of organizing and supervising
their activities.
in the formation of centralized state structures and territorial
entities in ancient Mesopotamia in the 22nd - 18th
centuries BC. Early public law was chiefly aimed at restoring
justice that was supposed to unite freemen in
a single centralized state of an imperial type. Later with
the appearance of a large number of the kings men, law
also acquired functions of organizing and supervising
their activities.
42-48 73
Abstract
The paper is dedicated to the recently discovered
stele of the High Priest of Amun Bakenkhons
who was a contemporary of the Pharaoh Sethnakhte.
The author gives his own transliteration, translation and
philological comments of text from this stele which contains
an important information about the beginning of
the XX Dynasty.
stele of the High Priest of Amun Bakenkhons
who was a contemporary of the Pharaoh Sethnakhte.
The author gives his own transliteration, translation and
philological comments of text from this stele which contains
an important information about the beginning of
the XX Dynasty.
49-53 76
Abstract
The article presents a detailed analysis of
the background and formation of the idea of organizing
a new crusade against the Turks under the leadership of
Charles VIII in the years 1490-1494.
The idea of a new crusade was used by various
countries as a propagandist slogan to reinforce their
own political influence in struggle for hegemony in
Western Europe. The French King Charles VIII needed
a clear political aim shared by other Western European
countries which would allow him to achieve hegemony
in the region. Thus the idea of organizing a new crusade
against the Turks encouraged by Pope Innocent VIII
becomes the main target of French foreign policy in
1490 and the subsequent years from 1492 to 1494
supported by Alexander VI.
the background and formation of the idea of organizing
a new crusade against the Turks under the leadership of
Charles VIII in the years 1490-1494.
The idea of a new crusade was used by various
countries as a propagandist slogan to reinforce their
own political influence in struggle for hegemony in
Western Europe. The French King Charles VIII needed
a clear political aim shared by other Western European
countries which would allow him to achieve hegemony
in the region. Thus the idea of organizing a new crusade
against the Turks encouraged by Pope Innocent VIII
becomes the main target of French foreign policy in
1490 and the subsequent years from 1492 to 1494
supported by Alexander VI.
54-59 79
Abstract
The article is devoted to Art emigration - the
acute scientific problem of European Modern History.
This author has discovered new archival material about
«Czech Musical Emigration», represented in The First
Theatre Agency for Russia and Abroad. Some Czech
musicians: Evstafij Suk, Bernard Foerster, Vaclav Suk
- were in correspondence with Agencys founder Mrs.
Elizabeth Rassohina.
acute scientific problem of European Modern History.
This author has discovered new archival material about
«Czech Musical Emigration», represented in The First
Theatre Agency for Russia and Abroad. Some Czech
musicians: Evstafij Suk, Bernard Foerster, Vaclav Suk
- were in correspondence with Agencys founder Mrs.
Elizabeth Rassohina.
60-63 207
Abstract
This article analyzes the reasons for the
emergence and the development of the term the Baltic
issue as the process of territorial and political changes
on the Eastern coast of the Baltic Sea, and the change
of the definition in the XVII - XX centuries. The article
covers the role of the Baltic issue in the international
relations and in the Russian foreign policy. The article
reveals the Baltic direction of the Soviet foreign politics,
aimed at building long-term relations with the Baltic republics.
emergence and the development of the term the Baltic
issue as the process of territorial and political changes
on the Eastern coast of the Baltic Sea, and the change
of the definition in the XVII - XX centuries. The article
covers the role of the Baltic issue in the international
relations and in the Russian foreign policy. The article
reveals the Baltic direction of the Soviet foreign politics,
aimed at building long-term relations with the Baltic republics.
64-69 85
Abstract
The article discusses some aspects of interaction
between the U.S. intelligence community with
policy-making community in the context of foreign policy
information and analytical support in 1950s. The activity
of US intelligence service during the presidential election
has been considered, with particular attention being
paid to the CIA informing President Eisenhowers
administration.
between the U.S. intelligence community with
policy-making community in the context of foreign policy
information and analytical support in 1950s. The activity
of US intelligence service during the presidential election
has been considered, with particular attention being
paid to the CIA informing President Eisenhowers
administration.
70-74 101
Abstract
The article considers the foreign policy
views of the representatives of the American neo-conservatism,
whose views largely determined U.S. foreign
policy during the 1990s - 2000s. In particular, it analyzes
the reflection of ideological attitudes of American
neoconservatives in the U.S. foreign policy during the
presidency of George W. Bush. The article also highlights
the ideological criticism of these provisions by one
of the most prominent representative of American paleoconservatism
- P. Buchanan presenting the stages of
his political biography.
views of the representatives of the American neo-conservatism,
whose views largely determined U.S. foreign
policy during the 1990s - 2000s. In particular, it analyzes
the reflection of ideological attitudes of American
neoconservatives in the U.S. foreign policy during the
presidency of George W. Bush. The article also highlights
the ideological criticism of these provisions by one
of the most prominent representative of American paleoconservatism
- P. Buchanan presenting the stages of
his political biography.
75-79 72
Abstract
The article examines the development of
the Chinese leaderships views as regards the geopolitical
position of the country during the first three decades
after the foundation of the Peoples Republic of China
(PRC). The governments assessment of the possibilities
of world war eruption shifted from a gloomy view
that it is inevitable to the ultimate conclusion that the
modern world is moving from confrontation to a dialogue
and detente, while bloc politics and attempts to ensure
national security by military means alone face no prospects.
These conclusions produced a strategic shift in
the military doctrine.
the Chinese leaderships views as regards the geopolitical
position of the country during the first three decades
after the foundation of the Peoples Republic of China
(PRC). The governments assessment of the possibilities
of world war eruption shifted from a gloomy view
that it is inevitable to the ultimate conclusion that the
modern world is moving from confrontation to a dialogue
and detente, while bloc politics and attempts to ensure
national security by military means alone face no prospects.
These conclusions produced a strategic shift in
the military doctrine.
79-84 62
Abstract
The article attempts at analyzing the experience
of German secret services in informational
counter-terrorist operations and researching the effect
produced by official statements, PR-actions and propaganda
campaigns of secret services on public opinion in
the Federal Republic of Germany. The author has made
a double-focus analysis of the German public reaction
both to counter-terrorist measures and the way they
have been communicated.
of German secret services in informational
counter-terrorist operations and researching the effect
produced by official statements, PR-actions and propaganda
campaigns of secret services on public opinion in
the Federal Republic of Germany. The author has made
a double-focus analysis of the German public reaction
both to counter-terrorist measures and the way they
have been communicated.
85-90 97
Abstract
This article analyzes Chinas soft power
strategy approaches in the context of cooperation with
Arab countries of the Middle East in the field of education.
Different forms of interaction between China and
Arab states on the level of universities, ministries of
education, friendship associations and China-Arab cooperation
forum are described. The study considers language
and education as public diplomacy tools to carry
out soft power strategy.
strategy approaches in the context of cooperation with
Arab countries of the Middle East in the field of education.
Different forms of interaction between China and
Arab states on the level of universities, ministries of
education, friendship associations and China-Arab cooperation
forum are described. The study considers language
and education as public diplomacy tools to carry
out soft power strategy.
91-95 154
Abstract
The article considers the process of NATO
expansion. What are brought into special focus are
Russia-NATO relations. The question of expansion was
equally complicated both for Russia, and NATO. New
mechanisms of cooperation were required to provide
Russias interaction with western partners.
The Founding Act Russia-NATO is a compromise
between Russia and the West. Russias main objective
was not to admit or, at least, hinder NATOs eastward
expansion. Nevertheless by 2010 the NATO countriesparticipants
totalled 28 and as a result NATO advanced
to the borders of Russia.
expansion. What are brought into special focus are
Russia-NATO relations. The question of expansion was
equally complicated both for Russia, and NATO. New
mechanisms of cooperation were required to provide
Russias interaction with western partners.
The Founding Act Russia-NATO is a compromise
between Russia and the West. Russias main objective
was not to admit or, at least, hinder NATOs eastward
expansion. Nevertheless by 2010 the NATO countriesparticipants
totalled 28 and as a result NATO advanced
to the borders of Russia.
96-110 123
Abstract
The article introduces a new archaeological
site of the Early Bronze Age of the Volga region. Pitgrave
culture graves with grave goods are found rather
rarely. In 2002 two kurgans were studied by multidiscipline
methods. We investigated 6 graves and 1 sacrifice.
After careful analysis of a burial rite and grave goods it
was stated that site belongs to the second stage of Pitgrave
culture (according to P. Kuznetsovs works) and
dated the 32nd - 29th centuries BC. Interesting data
about anthropology, trasology, osteology and ceramic
were obtained which allowed of making some additions
to the history of population in this period.
site of the Early Bronze Age of the Volga region. Pitgrave
culture graves with grave goods are found rather
rarely. In 2002 two kurgans were studied by multidiscipline
methods. We investigated 6 graves and 1 sacrifice.
After careful analysis of a burial rite and grave goods it
was stated that site belongs to the second stage of Pitgrave
culture (according to P. Kuznetsovs works) and
dated the 32nd - 29th centuries BC. Interesting data
about anthropology, trasology, osteology and ceramic
were obtained which allowed of making some additions
to the history of population in this period.
111-114 89
Abstract
The author makes an attempt to analyze
the miniatures of the Radziwill Chronicle about paganism
of Eastern Slavs in late 10th century. Images are included
into the artists system of symbols. According to
the author, the time of Vladimir Svyatoslavich receives
a special polemic treatment in the chronicle. Besides,
the miniatures express the importance of Princes deity
Perun and anti-Christian tendency of late paganism,
which, as the article states, was in crisis
the miniatures of the Radziwill Chronicle about paganism
of Eastern Slavs in late 10th century. Images are included
into the artists system of symbols. According to
the author, the time of Vladimir Svyatoslavich receives
a special polemic treatment in the chronicle. Besides,
the miniatures express the importance of Princes deity
Perun and anti-Christian tendency of late paganism,
which, as the article states, was in crisis
115-123 97
Abstract
The article focuses on the process of formation
of Russian foreign commerce in the Azov and
Black Sea region in late 18th century, which had some
specific features. The spread of commerce tended to
be uneven, depending on geographic location of trading
cities. The turnover of such old ports as Taganrog,
Ochakov and Yevpatoria was bigger than that of newlybuilt
trade harbors (Sevastopol and Mariupol). The ports
located closer to big rivers and convenient for unimpeded
trade (e.g. Taganrog and Odessa) were preferred
by the traders to the ports which were harder to reach
(Sevastopol, Ochakov, Kerch and Yenikale). Besides,
the gap between the successful ports and the rest was
getting wider and by the end of the 18th century Odessa
and Taganrog had nearly monopolized the trade in the
region. Another notable feature of the Azov and Black
Sea region commerce was a trade balance, which was
uncommon for the Russian market in general.
of Russian foreign commerce in the Azov and
Black Sea region in late 18th century, which had some
specific features. The spread of commerce tended to
be uneven, depending on geographic location of trading
cities. The turnover of such old ports as Taganrog,
Ochakov and Yevpatoria was bigger than that of newlybuilt
trade harbors (Sevastopol and Mariupol). The ports
located closer to big rivers and convenient for unimpeded
trade (e.g. Taganrog and Odessa) were preferred
by the traders to the ports which were harder to reach
(Sevastopol, Ochakov, Kerch and Yenikale). Besides,
the gap between the successful ports and the rest was
getting wider and by the end of the 18th century Odessa
and Taganrog had nearly monopolized the trade in the
region. Another notable feature of the Azov and Black
Sea region commerce was a trade balance, which was
uncommon for the Russian market in general.
123-130 65
Abstract
The article reveals the features of producers
cooperation development on the territory of Don
Cossack Army in late 19th - early 20th century. The
main areas of cooperation and the significance of cooperative
activity have been analyzed and the statistics
about cooperative associations in Cossack villages of
the Don region has been presented. Special attention is
focused on the work of large-scale industrial enterprises
- cooperative factories and plants and their role during
World War I, especially those of arms cooperative production.
cooperation development on the territory of Don
Cossack Army in late 19th - early 20th century. The
main areas of cooperation and the significance of cooperative
activity have been analyzed and the statistics
about cooperative associations in Cossack villages of
the Don region has been presented. Special attention is
focused on the work of large-scale industrial enterprises
- cooperative factories and plants and their role during
World War I, especially those of arms cooperative production.
131-136 83
Abstract
The article considers the influence of World
War I mobilization on the social mood of the population
of the Volga region cities. The distinctions have been
marked with the population of different localities, social
groups, nationalities and religions during WWI conscription
campaign. Public attitude towards mobilization was
not unanimous during the war ranging from ecstasy and
patriotism to fear and rejection resulting in shop pogroms
and anti-police manifestations. Mobilization revealed
national, religious and social contradictions that existed
in the Russian society of the period and found their way
in the desire of one part of population to join the army
during the war and the other - to resist conscription.
War I mobilization on the social mood of the population
of the Volga region cities. The distinctions have been
marked with the population of different localities, social
groups, nationalities and religions during WWI conscription
campaign. Public attitude towards mobilization was
not unanimous during the war ranging from ecstasy and
patriotism to fear and rejection resulting in shop pogroms
and anti-police manifestations. Mobilization revealed
national, religious and social contradictions that existed
in the Russian society of the period and found their way
in the desire of one part of population to join the army
during the war and the other - to resist conscription.
137-140 47
Abstract
The subject of the article is establishment
process of Verhneudinsk Labor Exchange. In 1920s
Buryatia suffered from growing unemployment, so the
government struggling with this problem relied on labor
exchanges. The primary activity of a labor exchange
is to serve a mediator between labor force supply and
demand. The Verkhneudinsk Labor Exchange structure
started to shape from approval of the staff and the governing
body, the Committee. For the labor exchange
to work systematically the occupational units were arranged
along with communication with other labor exchanges
and state organizations. Organizational shaping
of Verhneudinsk Labor Exchange was constrained
by first-step troubles: e.g. insufficient funding, personnel
shortage, poor condition of the building.
process of Verhneudinsk Labor Exchange. In 1920s
Buryatia suffered from growing unemployment, so the
government struggling with this problem relied on labor
exchanges. The primary activity of a labor exchange
is to serve a mediator between labor force supply and
demand. The Verkhneudinsk Labor Exchange structure
started to shape from approval of the staff and the governing
body, the Committee. For the labor exchange
to work systematically the occupational units were arranged
along with communication with other labor exchanges
and state organizations. Organizational shaping
of Verhneudinsk Labor Exchange was constrained
by first-step troubles: e.g. insufficient funding, personnel
shortage, poor condition of the building.
141-145 100
Abstract
The article is concerned with professional
activity of the former noblemen in post-revolutionary
Russia and the USSR in the period from 1920 to 1930
years by example of the members of some noble families.
The study is aimed at pointing out the problems
which the former noblemen faced during their social
adaptation and job hunting. By using the writings of the
members of the Golitsyn princely family (K.N.Golitsyns
Note and «Notes escaped» by S.M.Golitsyn) the author
also focuses on the description of the ways the aristocratic
offsprings chose to adapt to the changed social
and economic conditions and earn their living while being
deprived of all privileges and patrimonial estates.
activity of the former noblemen in post-revolutionary
Russia and the USSR in the period from 1920 to 1930
years by example of the members of some noble families.
The study is aimed at pointing out the problems
which the former noblemen faced during their social
adaptation and job hunting. By using the writings of the
members of the Golitsyn princely family (K.N.Golitsyns
Note and «Notes escaped» by S.M.Golitsyn) the author
also focuses on the description of the ways the aristocratic
offsprings chose to adapt to the changed social
and economic conditions and earn their living while being
deprived of all privileges and patrimonial estates.
146-150 100
Abstract
The class approach was laid in the base
of the Soviet judicial system. At the first phase the new
Soviet court construction was provided by law-making
of revolutionary masses. In a years time the new government
adopted three Decrees on the Court, which
allowed to create a network of unified judiciary on the
territory of the country. In the course of the 1922 judicial
reform Peoples Court became the principal judicial
body.
of the Soviet judicial system. At the first phase the new
Soviet court construction was provided by law-making
of revolutionary masses. In a years time the new government
adopted three Decrees on the Court, which
allowed to create a network of unified judiciary on the
territory of the country. In the course of the 1922 judicial
reform Peoples Court became the principal judicial
body.
151-157 122
Abstract
The article investigates the process of reforming
higher education and postgraduate courses in
the USSR in 1930s. The author determines signs of a
university education crisis during the investigated period
by example of the MSU. Special attention has been paid
to the means of overcoming the crisis in the MSU. On
the one hand the paper analyzes the measures taken by
the university administration to provide stabilization of
educational and scientific conditions. On the other hand
it considers the key aspects of the state educational
policy that promoted the development of the Moscow
State University and contributed to the formation of the
Soviet model of university education system.
higher education and postgraduate courses in
the USSR in 1930s. The author determines signs of a
university education crisis during the investigated period
by example of the MSU. Special attention has been paid
to the means of overcoming the crisis in the MSU. On
the one hand the paper analyzes the measures taken by
the university administration to provide stabilization of
educational and scientific conditions. On the other hand
it considers the key aspects of the state educational
policy that promoted the development of the Moscow
State University and contributed to the formation of the
Soviet model of university education system.
158-164 66
Abstract
The article reviews the activity of the Soviet
government in 1920s and 1930s aiming at creating
the system of collective peasantrys social and mutual
assistance. The author examines the main directions
and methods of functioning of rural institutions of
social assistance in the South of Russia. Proceeding
from the analysis of the core component of the social
system structure - farmers mutual assistance fund,
a conclusion has been made that rural institutions of
social assistance in collectivized village contributed
to organizational and economic strengthening of the
Soviet collective farm system
government in 1920s and 1930s aiming at creating
the system of collective peasantrys social and mutual
assistance. The author examines the main directions
and methods of functioning of rural institutions of
social assistance in the South of Russia. Proceeding
from the analysis of the core component of the social
system structure - farmers mutual assistance fund,
a conclusion has been made that rural institutions of
social assistance in collectivized village contributed
to organizational and economic strengthening of the
Soviet collective farm system
165-170 65
Abstract
The article considers the Bolsheviks activity
to eliminate gender inequality in the Soviet Russia.
The author concludes that these measures had rather
mixed results and lead to some bridging the gender gap
and increasing the role and importance of women in the
Soviet society. However, the reverse side of the same
measures was increasing workload for women, deterioration
of their health (hence the health of children born
to them) because of womens active involvement in typically
male areas of employment
to eliminate gender inequality in the Soviet Russia.
The author concludes that these measures had rather
mixed results and lead to some bridging the gender gap
and increasing the role and importance of women in the
Soviet society. However, the reverse side of the same
measures was increasing workload for women, deterioration
of their health (hence the health of children born
to them) because of womens active involvement in typically
male areas of employment
171-175 79
Abstract
The article is devoted to a little investigated
period of A.V. Lunacharskiys state activity between
1929 and 1933. During this period he held a post of the
chairman of the Scientific Committee under the Central
Executive Committee of the USSR. On the one hand,
the new post of the former Peoples Commissar of Education
had smaller political value, on the other hand
- the new chairman played a big role in the work of the
Scientific Committee. The author reveals A.V. Lunacharskiys
attitude to scientists and international scientific
relations, estimating his contribution to the Scientific
Committee competent expansion.
period of A.V. Lunacharskiys state activity between
1929 and 1933. During this period he held a post of the
chairman of the Scientific Committee under the Central
Executive Committee of the USSR. On the one hand,
the new post of the former Peoples Commissar of Education
had smaller political value, on the other hand
- the new chairman played a big role in the work of the
Scientific Committee. The author reveals A.V. Lunacharskiys
attitude to scientists and international scientific
relations, estimating his contribution to the Scientific
Committee competent expansion.
176-180 73
Abstract
The article is concerned with the causes
and dynamics of the transition of Bishop Victors trend
from legal Russian Orthodox movement to an underground
one. In the mid-1930s and 1940s the authorities
abolished nearly all non-conformist illegal groups and
individuals considering themselves the followers of the
Bishops Victor (Ostrovidov) and Nektariy (Trezvinskiy).
and dynamics of the transition of Bishop Victors trend
from legal Russian Orthodox movement to an underground
one. In the mid-1930s and 1940s the authorities
abolished nearly all non-conformist illegal groups and
individuals considering themselves the followers of the
Bishops Victor (Ostrovidov) and Nektariy (Trezvinskiy).
180-183 53
Abstract
The article reviews the experience in developing
the infrastructure of the Chuvash State Agricultural
Institute since its foundation in 1931 to end of the
1950s. The author describes the stages of pre-war, war
and post-war development of the institute. The issues
of constructing and providing the institute with educational
facilities have been considered in connection with
the general problems of the Chuvash agriculture. The
peculiarities of funding the institute, the dynamics of
graduation and provision with facilities for teaching and
research have been revealed.
the infrastructure of the Chuvash State Agricultural
Institute since its foundation in 1931 to end of the
1950s. The author describes the stages of pre-war, war
and post-war development of the institute. The issues
of constructing and providing the institute with educational
facilities have been considered in connection with
the general problems of the Chuvash agriculture. The
peculiarities of funding the institute, the dynamics of
graduation and provision with facilities for teaching and
research have been revealed.
184-187 109
Abstract
The article studies the course of putting
into practice the law on compulsory primary education
in the Volga region. Some specific features of the Region
development in 1930s -1940s have been considered
and their impact on general compulsory education,
including national schools.
The development and funding of national schools
in the Middle Volga region during the post-war decade
has been considered at the angle of state educational
policy.
into practice the law on compulsory primary education
in the Volga region. Some specific features of the Region
development in 1930s -1940s have been considered
and their impact on general compulsory education,
including national schools.
The development and funding of national schools
in the Middle Volga region during the post-war decade
has been considered at the angle of state educational
policy.
188-191 160
Abstract
The article considers the development of
the Soviet educational system in the postwar years in
the Volga Region. Economic conditions of educational
institutions have been analyzed. Positive ideological
challenges in the process of young peoples upbringing
have been pointed out. Efficiency of general teaching
in the Middle Volga region and dynamic of national
schools development has been analyzed. The process
of opening pedagogical educational establishments in
the Middle Volga region has been observed with the assessment
of ideological education.
the Soviet educational system in the postwar years in
the Volga Region. Economic conditions of educational
institutions have been analyzed. Positive ideological
challenges in the process of young peoples upbringing
have been pointed out. Efficiency of general teaching
in the Middle Volga region and dynamic of national
schools development has been analyzed. The process
of opening pedagogical educational establishments in
the Middle Volga region has been observed with the assessment
of ideological education.
192-198 56
Abstract
The article describes the mechanism of
material incentive of technocratic elite of the Angara-
Yenisei region. The author identifies the components
of the wage fund of a leader, which included a mandatory
part in the form of a salary, district and northern
rates as well as the optional factors: personal one-time
and regular bonuses. The objective conditions and subjective
reasons for unnecessary payments have been
revealed. Business leaders have been categorized in
terms of their wages compared to other categories of
the population. The classification of material rewards
has been presented with the focus on their stimulating
and organizing functions.
material incentive of technocratic elite of the Angara-
Yenisei region. The author identifies the components
of the wage fund of a leader, which included a mandatory
part in the form of a salary, district and northern
rates as well as the optional factors: personal one-time
and regular bonuses. The objective conditions and subjective
reasons for unnecessary payments have been
revealed. Business leaders have been categorized in
terms of their wages compared to other categories of
the population. The classification of material rewards
has been presented with the focus on their stimulating
and organizing functions.
199-202 74
Abstract
The article is devoted to the study of the
interaction of authorities and scientific intellectuals in
the USSR at the final stage of the industrially modernization.
The work shows that the basic levers of state
administration science were state order (goszakaz),
legislation and budget financing of scientific schools,
which made it possible to regulate scientific activity, social
composition and the number of scientific associations.
The author emphasizes paternalistic character of
the state policy concerning scientific groups, authorities
care for the development of fundamental investigations,
their guarantee of science-production ties especially in
the military industrial sector.
interaction of authorities and scientific intellectuals in
the USSR at the final stage of the industrially modernization.
The work shows that the basic levers of state
administration science were state order (goszakaz),
legislation and budget financing of scientific schools,
which made it possible to regulate scientific activity, social
composition and the number of scientific associations.
The author emphasizes paternalistic character of
the state policy concerning scientific groups, authorities
care for the development of fundamental investigations,
their guarantee of science-production ties especially in
the military industrial sector.
203-208 76
Abstract
This article investigates the process of
foundation of the battle banner in Russian Interior Forces
as necessary element for armed forces. The predecessors
of the Interior Forces had no banners of their
own during the 19th and up to the early 20th century.
First patterns of the battle banner of the Interior Forces
appeared in the Soviet period and passed through several
main stages. At each stage the battle banner had
different iconography and necessary elements. This
investigation reveals the possibility for studying the history
of Interior Forces using characteristic features of
iconography of Russian Interior Forces banner for each
period of their existence.
foundation of the battle banner in Russian Interior Forces
as necessary element for armed forces. The predecessors
of the Interior Forces had no banners of their
own during the 19th and up to the early 20th century.
First patterns of the battle banner of the Interior Forces
appeared in the Soviet period and passed through several
main stages. At each stage the battle banner had
different iconography and necessary elements. This
investigation reveals the possibility for studying the history
of Interior Forces using characteristic features of
iconography of Russian Interior Forces banner for each
period of their existence.
209-213 92
Abstract
The paper is devoted to Pamyat society
functioning during the Perestroika years. The causes
of split and the following crash of the society have
been revealed. The main emphasis is laid on the legal
process over V.K. Smirnov-Ostashvili who was one of
Pamyat leaders. The individuals who were interested
in strengthening the interest in this process have been
found. The abilities of several political actors to manage
the process of demonization of Pamyat Society have
been analysed.
functioning during the Perestroika years. The causes
of split and the following crash of the society have
been revealed. The main emphasis is laid on the legal
process over V.K. Smirnov-Ostashvili who was one of
Pamyat leaders. The individuals who were interested
in strengthening the interest in this process have been
found. The abilities of several political actors to manage
the process of demonization of Pamyat Society have
been analysed.
214-219 59
Abstract
The article is based on new ethnographic
materials collected in Republic of Mordovia in 2008-
2010 under the direction of prof. Ludmila Nikonova
(Saransk). The author considers a daily practice of folk
remedies and health preservation used by some families
of the Armenian immigrants in the region as well
as some transformation of traditional representations in
this sphere. It has been established that rational and irrational
ethnic ways of treatment and preventive maintenance
of illnesses could play a role of an ethnic marker
in foreign culture environment of multinational Mordovia.
The ways of preserving health by the Armenian immigrants
are enriched by local medical practices of the
Mordvinians and Russians.
materials collected in Republic of Mordovia in 2008-
2010 under the direction of prof. Ludmila Nikonova
(Saransk). The author considers a daily practice of folk
remedies and health preservation used by some families
of the Armenian immigrants in the region as well
as some transformation of traditional representations in
this sphere. It has been established that rational and irrational
ethnic ways of treatment and preventive maintenance
of illnesses could play a role of an ethnic marker
in foreign culture environment of multinational Mordovia.
The ways of preserving health by the Armenian immigrants
are enriched by local medical practices of the
Mordvinians and Russians.
220-225 87
Abstract
The article considers the model of the state
policy in the sphere of freedom of conscience established
in modern Russia which combines the following
characteristic elements: four-level gradation of religions
which has survived since the Russian Empire, the Soviet
model of state regulation of social spiritual life and
cooperation model. The author stresses the fact that
the existing model has not been conceptually formed
yet and gives a number of factors which complicate the
solution of the problem under study. The author also
makes some recommendations on perfecting the model
of state policy in the sphere of freedom of conscience.
policy in the sphere of freedom of conscience established
in modern Russia which combines the following
characteristic elements: four-level gradation of religions
which has survived since the Russian Empire, the Soviet
model of state regulation of social spiritual life and
cooperation model. The author stresses the fact that
the existing model has not been conceptually formed
yet and gives a number of factors which complicate the
solution of the problem under study. The author also
makes some recommendations on perfecting the model
of state policy in the sphere of freedom of conscience.
226-229 82
Abstract
The article is concerned with the problems
of development of open information space in the KBR
through the establishment of electronic government.
E-government contributes to the transparency of information
about the activity of governmental bodies and
expanding access to them and possibility of direct participation
of organizations, citizens and civil society institutions
in the process of forming and examining the
decisions taken at all levels of government.
of development of open information space in the KBR
through the establishment of electronic government.
E-government contributes to the transparency of information
about the activity of governmental bodies and
expanding access to them and possibility of direct participation
of organizations, citizens and civil society institutions
in the process of forming and examining the
decisions taken at all levels of government.
230-233 63
Abstract
The article is about youth pro-governmental
movements, particularly Nashi as a bright example
of youth participation in the socio-political movements
and formation of their high-level patriotic military awareness.
The results of the poll among «Nashi» activists
are presented to estimate the level of their patriotic military
awareness. It has been proved that «Nashi» has
higher level of patriotic military awareness than other
young people from the compared groups.
movements, particularly Nashi as a bright example
of youth participation in the socio-political movements
and formation of their high-level patriotic military awareness.
The results of the poll among «Nashi» activists
are presented to estimate the level of their patriotic military
awareness. It has been proved that «Nashi» has
higher level of patriotic military awareness than other
young people from the compared groups.
234-238 102
Abstract
The article is devoted to Federative Relations
Building Experience of Belgium and Switzerland.
Their models of federalism are under comparative analyses
in the context of European integration. There is the
conclusion that Russian model of federalism is typologically
closer to the Belgian one, but its necessary to use
Swiss experience of right democracy much more.
Building Experience of Belgium and Switzerland.
Their models of federalism are under comparative analyses
in the context of European integration. There is the
conclusion that Russian model of federalism is typologically
closer to the Belgian one, but its necessary to use
Swiss experience of right democracy much more.
239-245 74
Abstract
The article analyses an economic aspect
of conflicts in Central Africa - the fight for natural resources.
Focusing on a long period of history, starting
from the colonial years till today, the author defines the
dependence between the activities of large western
companies on the African continent and the conflicts, depicts
the relationships between the presence of foreign
military forces in the DRC with the plundering of natural
resources of the DRC, and discloses the reasons of the
rising conflicts in the areas of the DRC, which are mostly
rich in such raw materials as gold, diamonds, coltan,
copper, tin ore and others. As a result, the research concludes
that the shadow economy of the DRC is intrinsically
connected with the multinational corporations, for
which an unstable climate is a must-have condition of
activity. Therefore, conflicts in Central Africa are directly
connected with the use of natural resources.
of conflicts in Central Africa - the fight for natural resources.
Focusing on a long period of history, starting
from the colonial years till today, the author defines the
dependence between the activities of large western
companies on the African continent and the conflicts, depicts
the relationships between the presence of foreign
military forces in the DRC with the plundering of natural
resources of the DRC, and discloses the reasons of the
rising conflicts in the areas of the DRC, which are mostly
rich in such raw materials as gold, diamonds, coltan,
copper, tin ore and others. As a result, the research concludes
that the shadow economy of the DRC is intrinsically
connected with the multinational corporations, for
which an unstable climate is a must-have condition of
activity. Therefore, conflicts in Central Africa are directly
connected with the use of natural resources.
245-251 78
Abstract
The article analyzes the modern conditions,
in which the significance of the factor of society energy
provision from the point of view of its further survival
guarantee rises sharply. The problems of energy security
for any country in the world, especially for Russia,
take the leading position. The connection is revealed
between energy war on the world market of energy resources
and geopolitical status of the countries involved
in it or dependent on it. The author also characterizes
the attitudes of Russia, the USA, EU, China and Japan
towards conducting energy diplomacy regarding energy
resource regions.
in which the significance of the factor of society energy
provision from the point of view of its further survival
guarantee rises sharply. The problems of energy security
for any country in the world, especially for Russia,
take the leading position. The connection is revealed
between energy war on the world market of energy resources
and geopolitical status of the countries involved
in it or dependent on it. The author also characterizes
the attitudes of Russia, the USA, EU, China and Japan
towards conducting energy diplomacy regarding energy
resource regions.
ISSN 2949-5156 (Print)
ISSN 2949-5164 (Online)
ISSN 2949-5164 (Online)
