Problems of the memory policy of the Baltic countries in domestic and Baltic historiography
https://doi.org/10.18384/2949-5164-2024-2-150-163
Abstract
Aim. To analyze the works of Estonian, Latvian, Lithuanian and domestic researchers regarding the problems of memory policy in the Baltic republics.
Methodology. The methodological basis of the article is the principles of historicism, objectivity and consistency; such special historical methods as chronological method, periodization, retrospection and actualization were also used in the research.
Results. The studies by Estonian, Latvian, Lithuanian authors that have not been translated into Russian have been introduced to the scientific circulation. Domestic historiography on the problems of the Baltic memory policy has been systematized.
Research implications. The material of this work can be used both in university teaching and in the practical activities of state bodies responsible for the implementation of the memory policy.
About the Author
K. A. ZverevRussian Federation
Kirill A. Zverev – Cand. Sci. (History), Assoc. Prof., Department of History
ul. Dzerzhinskogo, 17/11, Kostroma 156005
References
1. Aseev A. D., Shishkov V. V. [Russia in the wars of memory: historical politics in Eastern Europe]. In: Vestnik Moskovskogo gosudarstvennogo lingvisticheskogo universiteta. Obshhestvennye nauki [Bulletin of the Moscow State Linguistic University. Social Sciences], 2020, no. 2, pp. 9–23.
2. Astrov A. [Historical politics and “ontological concerns” of small Central European states (using the example of Estonia)]. In: Millera A., Lipmana M., eds. Istoricheskaja politika v XXI veke [Historical politics in the 21st century]. Moscow, Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie Publ., 2012, pp. 184–216.
3. Bordyugov G. A. «Vojny pamjati» na postsovetskom prostranstve [“Memory Wars” in the post-Soviet space]. Moscow, AIRO-HHI Publ., 2011. 256 p.
4. Dyukov A. R. [Historical politics or historical memory]. In: Mezhdunarodnaja zhizn [International life], 2010, no. 1, pp. 133–148.
5. Dyukov A., Simindey V. Gosudarstvennaja istoricheskaja politika Latvii: materialy k izucheniju [State historical policy of Latvia: materials for study]. Moscow, Fond ≪Istoricheskaja pamjat≫ Publ., 2013. 264 p.
6. Millera A., Lipmana M., eds. Istoricheskaja politika v XXI veke [Historical politics in the 21st century]. Moscow, Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie Publ., 2012. 648 p.
7. Kantor J. Vojna bez pravil (1939–1945) [War without rules (1939–1945)]. St. Petersburg, Zhurnal “Zvezda” Publ., 2011. 376 p.
8. Kantor J. Pribaltika, 1939–1945 gg. Vojna i pamjat [Baltic states, 1939–1945 War and Memory]. Moscow, ROSSPEN Publ., Politicheskaja jenciklopedija Publ., 2020. 359 p.
9. Korotkova M. V. [Commemoration of Baltic republics’ independence during “the Singing Revolution”]. In: Vestnik Nizhegorodskogo universiteta im. N. I. Lobachevskogo [Vestnik of Lobachevsky University of Nizhni Novgorod], 2015, no. 5–6, pp. 64–69.
10. Kirchanov M. V. [Continuity and discreteness in modern historical memories of the Baltic countries: (myths of a political nation vs myths of politicized ethnicity)]. In: Zhurnal rossijskih i vostochnoevropejskih istoricheskih issledovanij [Journal of Russian and East European Historical Research], 2019, no. 1, pp. 180–218.
11. Lyozina E. XX vek: prorabotka proshlogo. Praktiki perehodnogo pravosudija i politika pamjati v byvshih diktaturah. Germanija, Rossija, strany Central'noj i Vostochnoj Evropy [20th century: study of the past. Transitional justice practices and the politics of memory in former dictatorships. Germany, Russia, countries of Central and Eastern Europe.]. Moscow, Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie Publ., 2021. 691 p.
12. Loshkov D. B. [Russia and the Baltic countries – isn’t it better to do without claims?]. In: Prepodavanie istorii v shkole [Teaching history at school], 2005, no. 8, pp. 25–36.
13. Makarov V. [Fights for history” in Latvia]. In: Bomsdorfa F., Bordjugova G., eds. Nacionalnye istorii na postsovetskom prostranstve – II [National histories in the post-Soviet space – II]. Moscow, Fond Fridriha Naumanna Publ., AIRO-HHI Publ., 2009, pp. 148–157.
14. Mahotina E. I. Prelomlenija pamjati: Vtoraja mirovaja vojna v memorialnoj kulture sovetskoj i postsovetskoj Litvy [Refractions of memory: the Second World War in the memorial culture of Soviet and post-Soviet Lithuania]. St. Petersburg, Izd-vo Evropejskogo universiteta Publ., 2020. 254 p.
15. Megem M. E. [Preserve vs dismantle: major trends in the Baltics’ politics of memory regarding Soviet monuments at sites of mass violence]. In: Baltijskij region [Baltic region], 2022, no. 4, pp. 128–145.
16. Medushevsy N. A. [Memory policy in the European Union as a tool for the implementation of the integration process]. In: Vlast [Authority], 2019, no. 3, pp. 167–174.
17. Medushevsii N. A. [The memory policy in modern Hungary]. In: Teorii i problemy politicheskih issledovanij [Theories and problems of political studies], 2020, vol. 9, no. 4A, pp. 5–18.
18. Medushevsii N. A. [The memory policy in the Czech Republic at the present historical stage]. In: Teorii i problemy politicheskih issledovanij [Theories and problems of political studies], 2020, vol. 9, no. 4A, pp. 19–33.
19. Medushevsij N. A. Razmyshlenija o politike pamjati [Reflections on the politics of memory]. Moscow, Izdatelskie reshenija Publ., 2019. 146 p.
20. Miller A. I. [Second World War in the “wars of memory”]. In: Vojna v istoricheskoj pamjati i «vojny pamjati» v sovremennom mire [War in historical memory and “memory wars” in the modern world]. In: Novoe proshloe [The new past], 2020, no. 4, pp. 222–231.
21. Nikzentaitis A. [Poland, Lithuania, Russia, Germany: Models of Memory and Cultural Recollections]. In: Slovo.ru: Baltijskij accent [Slovo.ru: Baltic accent], 2012, no. 3, pp. 17–32.
22. Vilkov M. A., Simindej V. V. , eds. Pribaltijskie issledovanija v Rossii. [Baltic studies in Russia]. Moscow, Izdatelskij centr fonda ≪Istoricheskaja pamjat≫ Publ., 2015. 480 p.
23. Rozenfeld I. Jestonija do i posle «bronzovoj nochi» [Estonia before and after the “Bronze Night”]. Tartu, Kripta Publ., 2009. 576 p.
24. Skachkov A. S. [Historical memory in the political processes of the post-Soviet Baltic states]. In: Sravnitelnaja politika [Comparative Politics Russia], 2017, no. 1, pp.140–151.
25. Smirnov V. A. [The role of political elites in the development of politics of memory in the Baltic states]. In: Baltijskij region [Baltic region], 2015, no. 2, pp. 78–97.
26. Bomsdorfa F., Bordjugova G., eds. Starye i novye obrazy v sovremennyh uchebnikah istorii [Old and new images in modern history textbooks]. Moscow, Fond Fridriha Naumanna Publ., ≪AIRO-HH≫, 2002. 352 p.
27. Tokareva E. A. [Modern wars of memory or approaches to the interpretation of historical events in history, politics and education]. In: Prepodavatel XXI vek [Teacher of the 21st century], 2021, no. 3, pp. 288–300.
28. Fiodorov A. P. [Memory Wars” - an element of the information war against Russia. Using the example of the Baltic countries]. In: Nauchno-analiticheskij zhurnal Obozrevatel – Observer [Scientific and analytical magazine Observer], 2020, no. 8, pp. 88–99.
29. Eglitis D. S., Ardava L. The Politics of Memory: Remembering the Baltic Way 20 Years after 1989 // Europe–Asia Studies. 2012. № 64. P. 1033–1059.
30. Monumentaalne konflikt: malu, poliitika ja identiteet tanapaeva Eestis / eds. P. Petersoo, M. Tamm. Tallinn: Trukikoda OU Geif, 2008. 308 k.
31. Muižnieks N. The Geopolitics of History in Latvian-Russian Relations. Academic Press of the University of Latvia, 2011. 238 p.
32. Nikžentaitis A. Kryžiaus karų epocha Lietuvos kultūrinėje atmintyje // Kryžiaus karų epocha Baltijos regiono tautų istorinėje sąmonėje / ed. R. Trimonienė. Šiauliai: Saulės delta, 2007. P. 236–249.
33. Nikzentaitis A. Rytų Lietuva lietuvių atminties kultūroje ir politikoje. Istoriko ir atminties kūrėjo santykio problema // Kultūros barai. 2004. № 10. P. 15–19.
34. Statkevičius T. Atminties politika Baltijos šalyse: dvi probleminės sritys // Politikos mokslų almanachas. 2013. № 13. P. 137–158.