The present article discusses the information
potential of the documents on the staff of educational
institutions in Moscow and also the use in historical
studies the documents of the staff of the Central Joint
Archives of educational institutions in Moscow (USSR).
The archives of the education system of Moscow have
stored records and documents since late 1920-ties: public
administration in education, pre-school educational
institutions, secondary schools, orphanages, vocational
training institutions and other educational institutions.

The article deals with modern researches
devoted to anti-Semitic policy of Organization of Ukrainian
Nationalists (OUN) and Ukrainian Insurgent Army
(Ukrayinska Povstanska Armiya, UPA) during the Second
World War.
The Canadian, European, Ukrainian, Polish and
Russian researches, which were published in 1990th
in the beginning of 2000, were considered by author.
The author found other researchers, basically, paid their
attention to OUNs political-ideology aim concerning
Jewish question and pogroms in the summer of 1941,
organized by Ukrainian Nationalists. The issue of the
service of Jews in the UPA armed forces and the issue
of Jewish fates are not the subjects of serious scientific
researches until now, despite the great public attention
to these problems.
In addition, the author pays attention to the activity
of official Ukrainian historians-revisionists, who try
to inculcate in the mind of the general public the myth
about OUN and UPA non-participation in destruction
of Jews

The article based on different types of
written sources shows the development of the guests`
concern forms in an economic life of Kolomna, the town
situated near the Moscow, during the XVII century. In
research it was found out that at the turn of the XVI -
XVII centuries only local guests Petrov-Yuriev family
and famous Stroganov family, conducted trade at the
Kolomna market. The situation was changed after 20ies
of the XVII century. Kolomna came into the sphere of
business interest of such tradesmen as G.L. Nikitnikov,
S.A. Levashov, as an important economic center. First
guests dealt only with transit trade of grain, salt, and
fish, but in the second half of the XVII century they became
more interested in the local commodity-money relations,
and they have their own representatives in trade
and entrepreneurship. The research analyses common
and peculiar features of Russian town trade in the XVII
century illustrated by Kolomna.

The Caucasus has always been and now
remains an important hub of national and religious controversy,
fierce military and political confrontation in
which Russia has to take part since the beginning of
its natural geopolitical extension to the south. Hostilities
in the North Caucasus in the 1990s and at the beginning
of the new XXI century affected each local nation
in varying degrees and visibly increased interest to the
historical past of this disquieting region, particularly, to
the polyhedral and complicated history of the state nation-
building in the North Caucasus. This article submits
specific features of Russian national policy in terms of a
weighted objective analysis

The article discusses issues related to the
emergence of sectarianism in the Orel province as a
distinct population group.Investigate the occurrence
of mystical sectarianism (whips, eunuchs) in the Orel
province at the end of XVIII - XIX centuries. We study
the penetration of Orel in the XIX century. rationalistic
sects (stundists).

In the article the shifts in the domestic
industry of Nizhniy Novgorod province, occured in the
middle of the XIX-th century, characterized by theoretical
concept «protoindustrialization» are presented. By
the virtue of objective conditions protoindustrialization
of handicraftsmens economy proceeded here evolutionary.
Complimentary conditions of the development
of domestic industries of Nizhniy Novgorod province defined
their special place in social and economic base of
the country facilities and caused regional specific character
of modernization processes in handicraft branch
of economy.

The articles of M.B. Shmatova is devoted
the analysis of estimations of contemporaries, which
they gave to the magazine of Russian blankists «Nabat
» («Alarm»). This magazine was published in 1875
- 1881 by the ideologist of blankists currents P.N. Tkachyov.
This edition had its informational specificity, its own
shape and propaganda purposes. It loudly opposed
the opponents, supporters of propaganda P.L. Lavrovs
tactics and M.A. Bakunins anarchism. The magazine
advocated the tactics of the pressure of revolutionary
minority on the autocratic State, he agitated for political
strike, for power capture

In the article the variations in social and
economic base of trade facilities of Moscow province in
the second half of the XIX-th century which are resulted
from the general transformation of national economy
are considered. Despite the conservation of traditional
character of economic way of handicraftsmen, modernization
processes created a dynamic system in the
domestic industry of the region, resulting in the general
direction of differentiation of agricultural and industrial
branch of rural economy

The article is devoted to the prominent
political statesman P.N. Durnovo and his views on the
political situation in Russia during World War I. The last
public speech of the right-wing leader in the State Council
and its conception in political circles is examined in
this paper as well as the consequences caused by this
speech. The author concludes that Durnovo appraised
the situation in Russia reasonably, but the measures
suggested to its improvement could not be put into
practice in spite of their relevance because of the lack
of forces capable of their realization among the ruling
elite

The article analyses the use of emergency
measures of public order protection in Russia during
the first years of the Soviet power. It shows the conceptual
foundations of the establishment of the Soviet law
machinery, which applied punitive methods of law and
order protection. The active work of all kinds of special
courts and agencies with the power of extrajudicial repression
was the characteristic feature of the mentioned
period. The revolutionary sense of justice was the basic
principle of law enforcement, and the struggle for power
was the main purpose

Youth organizations of Russian emigration
is one of the least studied Russian history topic. On the
basis of rare archive materials, including materials obtained
from private collections, organizational structure,
ideological foundations and activities of different youth
formations, in which there were implemented physical
and ideological training, anti-Soviet work, numerous
patriotic actions, are considered in the present paper.
The classification of Russian emigrational youth organizations
are first introduced on the basis of ideology, the
ideological-political transformation of youth movements
is also presented

The article reveals some major directions
of social protection of families of military men by public
authorities of Murmansk area in 1941-1945. The role of
Public Prosecutors office of the USSR on supervision
of legislation performance on social problems of military
men is investigated.

The article states that exogenous factors
in industrial cities in the European North of Russia, such
as severe climate, marginal population, underdevelopment
of social sphere and polluted environment were
suitable for the high sickness rate of social diseases and
played an important role in the reasons of general mortality
of the population.

Noting the contemporary discrimination
against women in the labor market, the author finds it
necessary to refer to the history of establishing the legal
status of women in employment. The author concludes
that the need not only to copy Western neo-liberal models
of equal opportunities in employment, but also to
draw on the experience of Soviet labor law, which takes
into account two main spheres of womens life - employment
in the production and implementation of maternal
functions.

The paper considers a series of archaeological
finds from the Near East dating from the Bronze
Age. Specific group of metal objects from the outstanding
burials includes non-functional replicas of tools made
of valuable materials, including noble metals. The finds
are divided into two sets related to mans and womans
activity - carpenter tools and spindles. To interpret their
symbolism the author draws ancient written texts and
images. The analysis evidences that making symbolic
replicas of tools using valuable materials was a characteristic
feature of ideology in the early class societies
of the Near East. Such artifacts visualized hierarchical
social structure. Their presence in the burials of persons
of high social rank points to the social significance of the
replicas ritually used by the ruler as the organizer and
keeper of social system in the Near Eastern city-states.

The article examines the historical relationship
of China and Central Asian region and the importance
of studying the relationship between China and
Central Asian region. In the process of examining the
relationship of China and Central Asia region must take
into account the depth of their historical ties. The historical
relationship of China and Central Asian region can
not only explain the past, but also to help realize and
understand the present, and can also be used as a lesson
in the future.

Pre-Maikop monuments in the Northern Caucasus
(Svobodnoye on Laba, Yaseneva Polyana) and Pre-
Yamnaya monuments (Konstantinovskoye, Sredny Stog)
in the Ponto-Caspian steppes belong to the chronological
horizon Boleraz-Chernavoda I - Salcutsa IV - Tripolye
С 1. Its beginning is marked with such stone artifacts as
scepters that are commonly regarded as the effigies of
horse head. Owing to the fact that these scepters were
discovered in closed burial assemblages (Dzhanghar in
the North-Western Caspian region) they cannot be dated
earlier than the phase of Sredny Stog II culture and the end
of the phase Tripolye C 1. The formation of this horizon is
connected with the transition of some communities of the
north of the Central Europe to the pastoral cattle breeding
and the migration of these pastoral tribes (probably the
Tocharians) in the direction to the Caucasus through the
agricultural settlements of such cultures as Gumelnitsa,
Cucuteni-Tripolye that caused disappearance of Gumelnitsa.
The date of Maykop culture on the base of the analogies
from Early Dynastic III period in Mesopotamia in 24
- 23 BC, is terminus ante quem for these scepters and for
the horizon as a whole.

The author examines the identification
of one of the Sea Peoples' tribe-name *kr.w with
the Ugaritic tribe-name Šikalājū/Šikila and the Greek
which was proposed by E. Edel and A.
Rainey. In author's opinion such identification is not
possible. He shows that the Ugaritic Šikalājū which
are mentioned in RS 34.129 could not be correlated
with Egyptian *kr.w. In RS 34.129 it is mentioned
about the youngness of Ugaritic king (undoubtedly
'Ammurapi). However it is known exactly that 'Ammurapi
had two grown-up sons who came to Hittites
with diplomatic missions (RS 94.2530, RS 94.2523).
These sons could be born for 18-20 years before the
destruction of Ugarit at least (not later than the 8th
year of Ramses III. reign). In that case 'Ammurapi
had to be 16-20 years old before his sons were born.
That's why the Egyptian *kr.w who are mentioned
during Ramses III. reign for the first time could not be
Ugaritic Šikalājū/Šikila because of the youngness of
'Ammurapi which is mentioned in RS 34.129. In author's
opinion the Egyptian *kr.w should be identified
as Greek , the inhabitants of north-western
Anatolia. As for Ugaritic Šikalâjű, the author recurs to
the old identification of them as the Egyptian ^krs.w,
who attacked Egypt with the others Sea Peoples in
the 5th year of the Pharaoh Merenptah's reign.

On the basis of documents 1914-1922
years of the Congregation of the Holy Office for the first
time it attempts the analysis of the activity of its de facto
head - the cardinal R. Merry del Val. Not being public,
this activity escaped from the attention of biographers of
cardinal, although it was thanks to this post in the Curia,
he was able to uphold the principles protected by Pius
X, securing thereby the results of his Pontificate, which
defined the development of the Catholic Church in the
XX century. For the first time its an attempt to analyse
the individual motives of the cardinal, who combined the
faithfulness of his beliefs with the course of the reigning
Pope.

In this article some ideological and political
results of «postcommunism of the 1990s» in the countries
of Central and Eastern Europe are summed up.
Occurrence of the term «postcommunism» is connected
with liberal treatment of democratic transformation of
political systems in the countries of the former Soviet
block. Under the influence of «postcommunism» of the
1990s the relation of people to the power changed. One
of the consequences of «an epoch of postcommunism
of the 1990s» in the countries Central and Eastern Europe
is deficiency of social justice.

The author of the given article pays particular
attention to the questions of the theory and methodology
of the crisis of the ethnical identity. This research
analyses actual aspects of contemporary mechanism
of formations of category of gender. The problem of
national subject in gender and gender differentiation is
in the focus of the article. The author emphasizes the
ethnical meaning of gender as an undivided part of the
social phenomena. Theoretical and methodological contents
represented in the article are driven from concrete
(Northern Caucasus) sociological researches

The analysis of the category space is carried
out in the article and an attempt of researching the
political space for the global community is presented. In
modern conditions the political space gets new features
and transits to a new level, therefore the new technologies
of its development and new methodology of its research
are also required. The author defines the basic
characteristics of modern political space and the world
order. In this article the methods of approaching to the
study of the political space are considered and the most
important directions of its development are disclosed.

This article deals with one of the problems
in political socialization theory, which lays stress on
political-ideological content. The statement suggested
by the author of the article is that political socialization
is a political-ideologized sphere. That is why the main
task of the article is to compare terms ideology and
ideologization. There are some differences, general
aspects, correlation between these terms, pointed out
in the article, which would be useful for studies in political
socialization field.

In the article the specific aspect of a modern
Russian policy is revealed. The author studies the
features of creation a certain image of political party at
voters by means of manipulation with historic facts. In
this paper the analysis of political leaders performances
and programme documents of the parties United Russia
and Communist Party of Russian Federation as
well as the data of All-Russian Public Opinion Research
Center is presented. After comparative analyze of historical
component of ideological platforms of mentioned
above parties, the author has come to conclusion that
both political forces appeal to various stages of the
country history, forming the image of parties-successors
of great past in political consciousness of modern Russians.

This article identifies and analyses the
features of the policy for the protection of copyright in
Russia in different periods of historical and political development.
And on the basis of historical and political
analysis of the process of the transformation of imperatives
and priorities of state policy of copyright protection
in Russia the dependence of the degree and character
of copyright defence from the mode of implementation
of political power in the country has been proved.
Based on the comparative analysis of state policies
on copyright protection of foreign countries, the determination
of the development of copyright by the establishment
of democracy and a direct association between
the type of democracy and the shape of the policy for
the protection of copyright has been presented.
The essence, the content and the genesis of political
and legal problems in the sphere of copyright protection
in modern Russia have been analysed and the ways to
optimize the policy of protection of copyright in Russia
today have been suggested.

The article is devoted to the problems of
the interaction of the State and the society in a diasporas
area. The author proves the position about dominating
role of the State in Russia in relationships with
forming institutions of the civil society.
Despite the incompleteness of the interaction of the
institutions of the civil society and the State, it is possible
to ascertain, that a definite system of attraction of
public structures to the decision of diaspors problems
has already developed.

The article analyses some points of intersection
of Russias defence capability and energy
security such as: states defence and the availability of
sufficient energy resources; the number and effectiveness
of internal energy consumption as one of the criterion
for the defence; the development of geo-political
partnership with countries with similar energy interests
with Russia for strengthening the collective defence; the
development of regional energy potential of Russia as a
mean of defence; the development of nuclear capability
as an important tool for achieving energy security and a
key instrument in maintaining a high level of defence

The research is dedicated to the most
topical issue of the EU Enlargement Policy, namely:
Turkeys admission into the European Union. The author
holds the opinion that on the basis of stereotypes
French position in above-mentioned problem cannot
be utterly reduced to a level of real animosity to Turkey
joining the EU. Referring to reliable empirical material
in information-oriented society - mass media data - the
author reveals the attitude of the leading in a political
spectrum of France parliamentary parties (Union for a
Popular Movement, Democratic Movement, Socialist
Party, French Communist Party) towards Turkeys EU
entry.