In this historiographical review the author covers
an insufficiently explored period in the studies of the history
of the Crimean Khanate - publications of the end of XVIII
- mid XIX centuries.
The article describes the contents of the works of different
authors in Russian, Turkish, Crimean Tatar and other languages.
Despite there were rather few works on the topic and
they were written on the poor scientific level, they determined
the arising interest to the history of the Crimean Khanate of
the subsequent researchers. Due to this fact in the second
half of the XIX century there was a sharp increase in the
quantity and quality of the historical works on this topic.

This article considers the evolution of views of
the conservative representatives in the end of the XIX - the
beginnings of the XX-th centuries on the peculiarities of the
question of workers in Russia, stated in periodicals. The article
analyzes the way the question of workers was interpreted
by the publicists of the newspapers The Moscow Vedomost,
Russia and magazines Citizen, «the Russian Vestnik» and
«The Direct way». The article highlights the essence of the
question of workers and the time of its emergence in conservative
concepts of social-economic development of Russia.
The author shows the way the conservative press described
the socialist parties influence on workers and the measures
taken by the government to stop the spread of revolutionary
ideas among workers at the beginning of the XXth century.

The article dwells upon the process of establishment
and development of the contemporary historians
scientific approach to the issues of social confrontation during
the Civil War in Siberia. The authors analyze the conceptual
approaches and the concrete results of the contemporary
historians researches. They analyze social-economic and
political spheres influence on the violence dynamics. Today
the assessment of social confrontation processes acquires
particular importance as it helps to disclose the causes of the
modern civil wars.

The article is about the Congolese crisis of 1894
- the international confrontation of France, the UK, Germany
and Belgium (Congo) for territories in Central Africa. The author
studies the Anglo-French negotiations on settlement of
mutual territorial disputes in Africa in 1894. The article separately
describes Belgium position in this question. Its stated
that first it inclined to have an alliance with England, but then
concluded the colonial union with France. The author concludes
that this agreement became the first corner stone of
the forming anti-British union.

The article is devoted to the history of the
Academy of Science in Berlin. The author notes that Berlin-
Brandenburg Academy of Sciences goes back to the Society
of Sciences established by Brandenburg Prince Elector in
1700 on the initiative of the great German scientist G. Leibniz.
The Society of Sciences was reorganized into Prussian
Academy of Sciences which after the World War II became
the GDR Academy of Sciences (1946-1991). The author
characterizes the Academy of Sciences history, describes its
links with the Russian Academy of Sciences.

In the period of revolutionary-democratic upsurge
in Cuba at the beginning of the 1930s, the conservative
leadership of American Federation of Labor was inactive
and played the role of an indifferent observer of the US intervention
in the Cuban affairs on the side of Mendieta-Batista
dictatorship. The left and progressive trade unions of the
Committee for Industrial Organizations took an active part in
solidarity movement for the Cuban national-democratic revolution,
against the intervention policy of the US ruling circles.

The article dwells on the course of the Soviet-
American negotiations on restriction and reduction of strategic
armaments in 1982-1983, and the USSR and the USA
offers as well. The author makes an attempt to analyze the
reasons of the failure and the discontinuance of the negotiations
both on the part of the United States and on the part
of Soviet Union. The author shows interest and has respect
for the principles of equal security of the parties and banning
unilateral advantages which the Soviet party firmly adhered
during the negotiations in the first half of the 1980s.

The article discusses the problems of German
- French relations in the period from 1982 to 1992, the result
of which was the European Union formation. The article emphasizes
the role of contradictions in the policies of France
and Germany within the integrative processes. The author
emphasizes the importance of forming a stable platform of
relations between Germany and France.

Today the war on terrorism is carried out not
only through the special use of force, but also by means of
the branched system of communication management. The article
analyzes the experience of communication maintenance
of counter-terrorist activity in a number of the EU countries.
There is also an attempt to allocate the basic problems which
the security forces face while realizing the communication
counteraction to the far-left terrorism. Attacks on WTC in September,
2001, and the acts of terrorism in Madrid and London
became the reason for reconsideration of the terrorism concept;
the communication component of the terrorist activity
has become more acute. Many counterterrorist structures of
the EU have undergone a number of changes, especially in
the countries suffered from terrorism.

The article is devoted to the publication of an
early Scythian sword found on the territory of the Volga region
not far from Samara. According to a number of distinctive
morphological characteristics (whetstone shaped head, wide
butterfly shaped cross, three-bulbs handle, loop under the
handle) the artifact is one of a number of Scythian-like swards
found earlier, so called Kelermesskiy type. A wide number of
analogues from the territory of Eastern Europe and the Caucasus
let us date back the given artifact to the VIIth - first half
of the VIth centuries BC.

The article analyzes the process of organizational-
regular shifts in the Ambassadorial department, connected
with the transition from the ex-territorial principle of
state governing to the branch-wise one. The analysis of the
events (connected both with the staff and organization) in one
of the basic establishments of the Russian state, shows the
essence and the result of changes which led to the transition
from the departmental executive system to the more centralized
collegiate one. The analysis of the foreign office staff
shows the qualitative evolution of the state machinery staff in
Russia at the beginning of the XVIIIth century.

The author considers the common welfare
phenomenon, its comprehension and interpretations in the
consciousness of the Russian society of the XVIIIth - the first
third of the XIXth centuries. The time frame covers the historical
period from the beginning of the XVIII century, the time of
occurrence of the concept in the state ideology and till the moment
when the public perception of common welfare stared
to divert from the official point of view during the post-war period.
The author considers Alexander I speech in Warsaw to
be a logical result of this concept development, and considers
it divided the state policy and social consciousness.

The article analyses the westernizer-liberals approaches
to the Slavic question. It investigates the evolution
of its perception being reflected in The Bulletin of Europe
within the period of 1870-1877. While discussing the Slavic
question the authors of the journal tried to attract the readers
attention to the unsolved problems of the internal development
of the Russian state, great attention was also paid to
the discussion of liberal freedoms. On the other hand, while
expressing sympathy to the Slavic struggle for independence,
the liberal journal stressed that they support not the national
principle but the struggle of the other nation for freedom. On
the whole, their effort to join the values of liberalism with the
idea of a specific historical mission of Russia at the Balkans
has some traces of adjusting liberal principles to the ethnic
situation, i.e. forming of national-liberal paradigm.

At the beginning of the 20th century the Far
Eastern Problem held one of the key positions in Russias foreign
policy. Its remarkable that the Russian sophiologists of
the late 19th and the early 20th centuries, such as V.S. Solovyov,
S.N. Trubetskoy and E.N. Trubetskoy, V.F. Ern, warned
of the danger coming from the East, from Japan in particular,
as far back as the beginning of the Russian-Japanese War of
1904-1905. Though the notion of patriotism was interpreted
by them similarly (they considered it to include the highest
spiritual senses) and the ideas of all-unity were shared by all
of them, they considered the events of the war differently. V.
Solovyov insisted that in case Russia began war with Japan it
would turn out to be a disaster. V. Ern, on the contrary, faced
those events rather optimistically and found the war to stimulate
the rise of the Russian national spirit. During the course
of the war S. Trubetskoy and Eu. Trubetskoy came to the conclusion
that the Russian army turned out to be unprepared
for the war, he was convinced that the countrys bureaucratic
system had made scandalous mistakes in ruling the country.
They heartily hoped Russia would have a better future.

Russia has vast experience in the adaptation of
the non-Russian ethnic groups in the Russian society. This
process is well known to the Far Eastern Koreans, who lived
in the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union, including the
time after their deportation in 1937 from the Far East to Kazakhstan.
Based on documentary sources and authors field
records, this report describes the difficulties if the initial adaptation
of Korean migrants in Kazakhstan. The lack of permanent
housing, new types of agricultural activities, the need for
urgent transfer to the Russian language, which most of them
knew very little, permit the author to conclude that the first
two years - 1937 and 1938 - were the most difficult for the
Korean migrants. Nevertheless, the deported Koreans introduced
the agricultural methods (like irrigation and irrigation
vegetable growing) which were unknown to the local population
and actively learned the Russian language. This way they
soon adapted to the new place of permanent residence.

The article analyses the consequences of the
Rural State Policy of the 1960s - early 80s for the rural settlements
in Central region of Russia. The author shows that it
was the intensive migration that became the determining factor
for the change of the rural population quantity. Its consequences
began to have an impact since the 1960s. The object
of studying is the change in the age- and sex-related structure
of the rural population: its ageing, manpower resources shortening,
considerable birthrate falling. The author notes that the
extremely negative changes in demographic situation of the
1960-70s created a strained balance in manpower resources
of Central economic region of Russia.

The L.Krasnopevtsev and L. Rendel group (The
League of Patriots) is a unique one in the history of dissidents
left. This opposition organization was founded by young historians
and functioned in the main university of the Soviet Union.
Krasnopevtsev and his comrades exchanged their good
career prospects for the fight for peoples weal. This article
describes the League of Patriots program and defines the
general ideological boundaries. To construct the ideology of
the group the author analyzed, first of all, their program articles
and the interviews of the activists.

The article is devoted to the study of the interaction
between municipal authorities and private business of
Moscow in the early twenty-first century. It is shown that within
the analyzed period a mutually beneficial model of relations
is being built, a favourable economic environment is being
formed, which, on the whole, promoted successful conducting
of business activity. The Moscow City Government has
managed to establish contacts with the business community,
which in many cases led to better informed decisions being
taken in the field of economic policy and management.

The article analyses the theoretical aspects
underlying the socio-economical views of the «Green» Party
which came into being at the beginning of the 80s of the XXth
century after mass protests against environment pollution
provoked by the increase of industrial waste products. In this
situation the idea of the transition to the qualitatively different
model of civilization development became widely spread
among the left political circles. The German environmentalists,
who started their political campaign, made great contribution
to the development of that idea. The author gives special
attention to the issues of the way the «Greens» evaluate
the state and perspectives of the modern industrial society
development, as well as their understanding of the forms of
business activity, ownership relations, and principles of social
life organization in the forthcoming postindustrial society.

In modern conditions the Russian educational
policy plays a great role, predetermining either progress or
regress in the development of education. Consequently, it determines
either progress or regress in the development of the
whole society.
In this article the author discloses the meaning of the concept
«educational policy». The author states that the ethical,
intellectual, economic and cultural potential being adequately
realized in the political sphere depends on the state of affairs
in the educational sphere and the possibilities of its modernization.

The article reveals the concept and essence of
local self-government, considers the process of its formation
in the Russian Federation. The attention is paid to the stages
where the powers between the state and local governments
are redistributed. The author investigates the institute of local
self-government through its assistance to civil society formation
in Russia. As a result, the author comes to the conclusion
that the most important component of civil society formation
is political socialization of a person. The author stresses that
the local self-government promotes political socialization, defining
the main directions of municipal social policy, supporting
public activity, initiating discussion of the most important
questions of local community.

The article considers the specific features of
epistemic communities functioning in diplomatic communities
of the European Union. The author puts forward a hypothesis
that there are two epistemic communities within the diplomatic
space of Europe that can be characterized as national and
euro-diplomats. Since the establishment of the European
External Action Service there is a tendency for some changes
in the activity of these two communities. Their coexistence
can be described now as complementarity in parallelism. It
is the variable geometry of representation of the national and
supranational diplomatic systems that makes the EU diplomacy
unique.