The article examines the specificity of tactical methods of struggle for power and influence. The author gives a detailed description of the whole set of means used by Norwegian elites in their struggle for sociopolitical domination in the country. Methods of opposition are systematized and classified in details. Their efficiency, volume of the forces and resources spent are analyzed in the article. Besides, the author defines the connection between the methods of struggle leading to the amplification of authority and the stages of early feudal of statehood formation in Norway.

The article is devoted to a new “east policy of FRG” pursued since the beginning of the 90th years in relations with the countries of Eastern Europe. At the time mentioned the process of unification of two Germanys considerably strengthened FRG in many ways. The unified Germany sets itself quite a real but ambivalent task: to strengthen its influence on the European policy. The article describes the reasons which caused the development of a new «east policy», discloses its essence, directions, and priorities. The article describes the way Germany have managed to realize its goals, taking into account the changed conditions, and using the new methods, tactics and strategy.

The article considers the problems of political advertising as a component of political technologies. The author focuses on the terminological aspect of the phenomenon of political advertising. The issues of political advertising definition are considered in the works of contemporary local authors — political scientists. The author analyzes the direct correlation between the theoretical and the terminological problems of the political advertising and its practical application in election campaigns and in the other forms of social and political life. The article proposes the generalized and integrated definition of political advertising which is based on the comlex approach to the Russian political process realities.

This article analyzes the activities of the modern pro-Kremlin youth socio-political organizations and their place in the Russian political system. The activities of pro-government youth movements and organizations are described in detail as civil society institutions. The article reveals the problem of interaction between pro-Kremlin youth organizations and the structures of power. Such interaction reveals the degree of their independence as independent actors in the Russian political process. The dominant influence of youth organizations on the implementation of state youth policy in Russia is proved.

This article is supposed to consider the potential prospects of Russia’s participation in the world political process both as a member of CIS and as a country having lots different religions closely interrelated. The author pays attention to the problems of religious — spiritual choice, which today have become one of the most vital problems in the political process of the CIS countries. The article examines the Ukrainian Greek — Catholic Church activities, which extend its traditional boundaries and reached the southern and eastern regions of Ukraine.

The article gives grounds for the importance of a dialogue between the political parties and the Russian peasantry, which is due to the growing influence of the political values of the peasantry on the process of political development in Russia in the crisis period. The author emphasizes that if political parties ignore the peasantry’s paternalistic views on the state and fail to act as a mediator in peasants’ relations with state institutions, it will lead not only to an adjustment of their program settings, but also to a decrease an interest to a party building.

The article raises the problem of the development of a state, rich in natural resources; examines the theoretical approaches to the study of the phenomenon of the “resource curse”; reflects the views of scientists on the possibilities of development of countries oriented on raw materials. Besides, the mechanisms and aftereffects of natural resource based economy’s influence on the degree of democratization of the political regime. The author presents polar opinions about the effectiveness of the state power which is not suffering from the lack of raw materials. There is a conclusion, based on statistical data from lots of countries, that there is a direct correlation between the amount of natural resources and the economic growth.

This article examines the peculiarities of educational process which proves conditions for effective activities in educational sphere. Besides, the conditions having negative impact on education are considered; external and internal factors of determination of modern educational policy are defined; and the possible directions of formation of a perspective education system in the conditions of globalization are given. The author considers the quality of education to be the foremost problem of educational policy in the conditions of globalization at the present stage. It is stated that to make the quality of education corresponding with the acute and perspective requirements of the personality, society and the state is one of the most important tasks. Its organic entry into the international education system is also very important.

The article highlights the process of Sovietization of festive culture in a Russian village in the times of prekolkhoz villages, when the New Economic Policy (NEP) was being implemented. The author used as an example the most important holiday — “The Harvest Day”, which had a profound cultural and historical background and stemmed from pagan times traditions. The article describes the peculiarities of the ceremonial rituals introduced by the Soviet power and emphasizes the politicization of such festive events. The author discloses the revolutionary peasants’ degree of recognition of the holidays and states that urban workers took part of such holidays in villages. The article analyses the purposefulness of Bolshevik’s tactics to involve peasants into the Soviet orbit by organizing exhibitions, fairs and contests. However, the author considers the villagers’ conservative to impede the process of Sovietization of peasant festivals in 1920-s.

The paper dwells on the role and place of departmental housing in the USSR’s residential construction. It also uncovers the influence of the departmental housing stock on the problems of the sociocultural sphere complex development and the problems of establishing permanent personnel, of improving the Soviet citizens’ living conditions. The paper touches upon the problems of housing distribution at state enterprises, discloses the malusage in the sphere of its distribution, and describes the amplification of employees’ rights in housing distribution.

The article considers the formation of an independent clan of the Cherkassk Princes, the sovereigns of Kabarda, who left for Moscow to serve the tsars of Moscovia in the middle and the second half of the XVI century. The author enumerates in detail the services of the clan representatives who took outstanding state and military positions. Special attention is given to the matrimonial ties, including those with the ruling dynasty. Financial position of this clan is estimated. The article presents the clan structure and the destinies of each of its branches. The Cherkassk Princes occupied exclusively high social and genealogical position among the service class people of Russia. As an independent clan they were created in Russia by the beginning of the XVII century.

The work is devoted to the unsuccessful attempt of the government to get state peasants’ private manufactories involved in servicing the army. The material received during the research enables to make the analysis of the features and level of cloth production development on the territory of the outskirts of Moscow and Moscow province in the second half of Ekaterina Il’s reign. That is: to describe such complex phenomenon of city space arrangement as industrial outskirts of large cities; to trace the spread of economic specialization in an enclosed region; to mark the peculiar features of industrial development which characterized the contradictory pre-reform period.

The article considers the views of the Russian intelligentsia on the Slavic question in the 1830 — 1850s; besides, the position of Slavophil and Westerners on this issue is compared. Special attention is paid to the main components of the Slavic ideas, as well as to the reasons of its mainstreaming in the context of Nicolas I epoch. The article traces the evolution of the Slavonic question in the years of the Crimean war, the 1853 — 1856s. The second component of the Slavonic question during the reign of Nicholas I, the problem of relations between Russia and Poland being the main rivals in the Slavic world, was becoming to shape up. While formulating the essence of the Polish question, the intellectuals of those times mentioned its interrelation with the Slavic problems. National feelings, which aroused in the Russian society due to the Polish problem, served an integrator of almost all trends of social thought.

The article describes the regional aspect of realization of judicial reform of 1864. The author states there was a set of factors influencing the introduction of judicial statutes of 1864 in the Kalmyk steppe. The basis of the research is the analysis of the main bills on reforming the judicial system in Kalmykia. The bills investigated were developed both in the center (at the Ministry of Justice, the Ministry of Agriculture and State Property and the Ministry of Internal Affairs), and locally (Astrakhan governor, state governing bodies of the Kalmyk people). Having carried out the comparative analysis, the author came to conclusion that the transformation of local judicial system in the Kalmyk steppe had incomplete character, due to the incompleteness of administrative-territorial management reforming.

The given research is devoted to the revealing of general and specific negative features which influenced the activities of the two regions’ secondary educational institutions. The author evaluates the conditions of functioning of the secondary educational institutions at the beginning of the XXth century. The article presents the analysis of the activities of teachers’ councils in educational and political spheres fulfilled together with the police department of special department. The article presents some negative aspects of their activities which influenced the pupils’ progress in studies. Distinctive features of the teaching staff’s structure are described, as well as their legal status which might have affected the educational institutions’ work. The article is based on the archival materials of the Central Historical Archive of Moscow and the State Archive of the Russian Federation.