PUBLIC THOUGHT AND THE EXPERIENCE OF BUILDING UTOPIAN COMMUNITIES IN THE PERIOD OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

Abstract

The article discusses the model of ideal states and cities of the future, proposed by scientists and thinkers of the nineteenth century as an alternative to modern European society, which faced the negative consequences of the industrial revolution. The industrial revolution led to a sharp increase the number of cities and their population. The nineteenth century is marked by the raise of the interest to "utopia" as a model of an ideal society, which became for many a reflection of the aspirations of returning to the past, and to the traditional way of life.