THE CULTURAL AND CHRONOLOGICAL CONTEXT OF SITES OF BUBANJ AND VELIKA HUMSKA ČUKA NEAR NIŠ (SOUTHEASTERN SERBIA) AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE FOR UNDERSTANDING THE EMERGENCEAND DEVELOPMENT OF THE CENTRAL BALKANS ENEOLITHIC
https://doi.org/10.18384/2310-676X-2021-5-36-64
Abstract
Aim. To elaborate the cultural and chronological context of two eponymous multilayered prehistoric sites in southeastern Serbia, in order to understand the eneolithisation process in the Central Balkans. Methodology. The research is based on the methods of comparative analyses and synthesis, as well as the interpretation of the existing and fresh data acquired through archaeological excavations at the sites of Bubanj and Velika Humska Čuka near Niš. The following factors have been taken under consideration: geographic setting, resources, mutual spatial relations, stratigraphic characteristics, chronology, character of settlements during the Eneolithic, and other relevant data. Results. The presented cultural and chronological contexts of the two researched sites, as well as other contemporary sites, compared to the pattern of the preceding Vinča settlements, indicated the character of changes that have occurred during the mid-5th millennium BC. Research implications.The results of the research contribute to the perception of transformation processes within the Late Neolithic communities and the process of eneolithisation in the territory of the Central Balkans.
About the Authors
A. P. Bulatović
Institute of Archaeology
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
D. P. Milanović
Institute of Archaeology
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
References
1. Garašanin М. Centralnobalkanska zona. In: Benac А., ed. Praistorija jugoslavenskih zemalja II, Neolitsko doba. Sarajevo, 1979, pp. 79-212.
2. Jovanović B. Gradac Phase in the Relative Chronology of the Late Vinča Culture. In: Старинар, 1994, vol. 18, pp. 1-10.
3. Tasić N. Eneolithic cultures of Central and West Balkans. Belgrade, 1995. 205 p.
4. Borić D. The End of the Vinča World: Modelling the Neolithic to Copper Age Transition and the Notion of Archaeological Culture. In: Hansen S., Raczky P., Anders A., Reingruber A., eds. Neolithic and Copper Age between the Carpathians and the Aegean Sea. Chronologies and technologies from the 6th to the 4th millennium BCE, Archäologie in Eurasien 31. Bonn, 2015, pp. 157-217.
5. Nikolova L., Manzura I., Schuster C. The Balkans in Later Prehistory, Periodization, Chronology and Cultural Development in the Final Copper and Early Bronze Age (Fourth and Third Millennia BC). Oxford, 1999. 442 p.
6. Todorova H. Prehistory of Bulgaria. In: Gramenos D. V., ed. Recent Research in the Prehistory of the Balkans.Thessaloniki, Athens, 2003, pp. 257-317.
7. Georgieva P. Periodization of the Krivodol - Sâlcuta - Bubanj culture. In: Срејовић Д., Тасић Н., eds. Винча и њен свет, Међународни скуп, Подунавље између 6000 и 3000 г. пре нове ере. Београд, 1990, pp. 167-173.
8. Borić D. Absolute Dating of Metallurgical Innovations in the Vinča Culture of the Balkans. In: Kienlin L., Roberts B. W.,eds. Metals and Societies, Studies in honour of Barbara S. Ottaway.Vol. 169. Bonn, 2009, pp. 191-245.
9. Radivojević M., Grujić J. Community structure of copper supply networks in the prehistoric Balkans: An independent evaluation of the archaeological record from the 7th to the 4th millennium BCE. In: Journal of Complex Networks, 2018, no. 6, pp. 106-124.
10. Bulatović A., Bankoff А., Powell W., Filipović V. Some remarks on the genesis of the Early Eneolithic in the Central Balkans. In: Старинар, 2020, vol. 70, pp. 9-40.
11. Ристић-Опачић Ј. Топографско-хронолошке карактеристике насеља винчанске културе на територији Србије. In: Гласник Српског археолошког друштва, 2005, vol. 21, pp. 71-112.
12. Kapuran А., Bulatović A., Milanović D. Settlement pattern changes during the Central Balkans Copper Age. In: Deitz S., Mavridis F., Tankosić Ž., Takaoglu T., eds. Communities in Transition: The Circum-Aegean later Neolithic stages (5000/4800-3200/3000 BCE). Vol. 20. Oxford, Philadelphia, Oxbow books, 2018, pp. 77-88.
13. Milanović D. Insight into the regional distribution and geographic setting of the Vinča and Bubanj-Sălcuҭa-Krivodol settlements in the Central Balkans and its implication. In: Старинар, 2019, vol. 69, pp. 61-84.
14. Трипковић Б. Домаћинство и заједница. Куће и насеобинске историје у касном неолиту Централног Балкана. Београд, 2013. 319 p.
15. Borić D., Hanks B., Šljivar D., Kocić M., Bulatović J., Griffiths S., Doonan R., Jacanović D. Enclosing the Neolithic World. A Vinča Culture Enclosed and Fortified Settlement in the Balkans. In: Current Anthropology, 2018, no. 59 (3), pp. 336-346.
16. Chapman J., Gaydarska B., Hardy K. Does enclosure make a difference? A view from the Balkan. In: Harding A., Sievers S., Venclovб N.,eds. Enclosing the Past: Inside and Outside in Prehistory. Sheffield Archaeological Monographs 15. Sheffield, 2006, pp. 20-43.
17. Ivanova M. Tells, Invasion Theories and Warfare in fifth millennium B.C. North-Eastern Bulgaria. In: Pollard T., Banks I.,eds.War and Sacrifice, Studies in the Archaeology of Conflict. Leiden & Boston, Brill, 2007, pp. 33-48.
18. Zäuner S. P. The Dark Side of the Chalcolithic. Evidence for Warfare at Tell Yunatsite? An anthropological approach. In: Boyadzhiev J., Terzijska-Ignatova S., eds. The Golden Fifth Millennium. Thrace and its Neighbour Areas in the Chalcolithic. Sofia, NIAM-BAS, 2011, pp. 49-56.
19. Sherratt A. G. Plough and pastoralism: aspects of the Secondary Products Revolution. In: Hodder I., Isaac G., Hammond N., eds. Pattern of the Past. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1981, pp. 261-306.
20. Demoule J-P., Perlѐs C. The Greek Neolithic: a new review. In: Journal of World Prehistory, 1993, no. 7, pp. 355-416.
21. Jovanović B. Metalurgija eneolitskog perioda Jugoslavije. Beograd, Arheoloљki institut, 1971. 119 p.
22. Parkinson W. A., Yerkes R. W., Gyucha A. The Transition from the Neolithic to the Copper Age: Excavations at Vésztő-Bikeri, Hungary, 2000-2002. In: Journal of Field Archaeology, 2004, no. 29 (1/2), pp. 101-121.
23. Hansen S. Innovative Metals: Copper, Gold and Silver in the Black Sea Region and the Carpathian Basin During the 5th and 4th Millennium BC. In: Burnmeister S., Hansen S., Kunst M., Müller Scheessel N.,eds. Metal Matters: Innovative Technologies and Social Change in Prehistory and Antiquity. Rahden, Verlag Marie Leidorf, 2013, pp. 137-167.
24. Kienlin T. L., Aspects of metalworking and society from the Black Sea to the Baltic Sea from the fifth to the second millennium BC. In: Roberts B. W., Thornton C. P., eds. Archaeometallurgy in Global Perspective: Methods and Syntheses. NewYork, Springer-Verlag, 2014, pp. 447-472.
25. Antonović G., Mrvić V. Zemljišta sliva Nišave. Beograd, Institut za zemljište, 2008. 33 p.
26. Калуђеровић З. Кременац код Ниша: Палеолитско налазиште, хроника ископавања. In: Старинар, 1996, no. 47, pp. 289-290.
27. Богосављевић-Петровић В. Праисторијски рудници на централном Балкану. In: Зборник Народног музеја, 2005, no. 18/1, pp. 79-113.
28. Šarić J. Lower Paleolithic Site Kremenac near Village Rujnik. In: Старинар, 2011, vol. 61, pp. 7-31.
29. Гарашанин М., Ђурић Н. Бубањ и Велика Хумска Чука. Ниш: Народни музеј, 1983. 39 p.
30. Garašanin M. Ausgrabungen in Bubanj bei Niš (Serbisches Moravagebiet). In: Germania, 1957, vol. 35, Heft 3-4, pp. 198-207.
31. Garašanin M. Kontrollgrabung in Bubanj bei Niš. In: Praehistorische Zeitschrift, 1958, no. 36, pp. 223-244.
32. Гарашанин М. Ископавања на Бубњу код Ниша, претходни извештај за 1954-1956. годину. In: Старинар,1958, vol. 7-8,pp. 269-274.
33. Garašanin M. Neolithikum und Bronzezeit in Serbien und Makedonien. In: Bericht der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission, 1958, vol. 39, p. 1-130.
34. Garašanin M., Bubanj kod Niša-Naselje ranog bronzanog doba. In:Arheološki pregled, 1959, vol. 1, pp. 26-30.
35. Garašanin M. Zur Chronologischen und Kulturellen Wertung der Bubanj-Funde. In: Jahrbuch des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums Mainz, 1982, vol. 26, pp. 154-166.
36. Милановић Д., Трајковић-Филиповић Т. Стара ископавања на локалитету Бубањ: праисторијско вишеслојно налазиште код Ниша. Ниш, Народни музеј, 2015. 144 p.
37. Bulatović A., Milanović D. Bubanj, the Copper and the Early Bronze Age Tell in Southeastern Serbia. Mitteilungen der Prähistorischen Kommission, Band 90. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, Wien 2020, 418 p.
38. Bulatović A., Vander Linden M. Absolute Dating of Copper and Early Bronze Age Levels at the Eponymous Archaeological Site Bubanj (Southeastern Serbia). In: Radiocarbon, 2017, vol. 59 (4), pp. 1047-1065.
39. Bulatović A., Gori M., Vander Linden M. New АМЅ dates as a contribution to the absolute chronology of the Early Eneolithic in the central Balkans. In: Старинар, 2018, vol. 68, pp. 19-32.
40. Bulatović A., Gori M., Vander Linden M. Radiocarbon Dating the 3rdMillennium BC in the Central Balkans: a re-examination of the Early Bronze Age sequence. In: Radiocarbon, 2020, vol. 62, no. 5, pp. 1163-1191.
41. Fewkes V. J. Neolithic sites in the MoravoDanubian area (Eastern Yugoslavia). In: Bulletin of the American School of Prehistoric Research, 1936, no. 12, pp. 5-81.
42. Гарашанин М., Гарашанин Д. Нова ископавања на Великој Хумској Чуки код Ниша. In: Старинар,1959,vol. 9-10, pp. 243-254.
43. Булатовић А., Милановић Д. Велика Хумска Чука, истраживања 2009. године: прилог проучавању стратиграфије енеолита и бронзаног доба у југоисточној Србији. In: Гласник Српског археолошког друштва 30/2014, 2015, pp. 163-188.
44. Orssich De Slavetich A. Bubanj: eine prähistorische Ansiedlung bei Niš. Mitteilungen der Prähistorischen Kommission, Band 4/1-2. Wien, 1940. 65 p.
45. Bulatović A.Corded Ware in the Central and Southern Balkans: A Consequence of Cultural Interaction or an Indication of Ethnic Change? In: Journal of Indo-European Studies, 2014, vol. 42, pp. 101-143.
46. Милановић Д. Насеље Чернавода III културе на локалитету Бубањ. In: Старинар, 2011, vol. 61, pp. 101-119.
47. Milanović D. Cultural and chronological position of the Chalcolithic horizons III and IV at Bubanj site: excavations from 1954. In: Archaeologia Bulgarica 2013, no. 17/2, pp. 1-16.
48. Jovanović B. Obredi sahranjivanja u kostolačkoj grupi. In: Godišnjak Centra za balkanološka ispitivanja ANUBIH, 1976, vol. 13, pp. 131-142.
49. Николић Д. Eнеолитска насеља у околини Мајданпека. In: Лазић М.,ed. Археологија источне Србије, научни скуп одржан у Београду и Доњем Милановцу 1995 год. Београд, 1997, pp. 197-210.
50. Nikolić D. Kostolačka kultura na teritoriji Srbije. Beograd, 2000. 108 p.
51. Kaпуран А., Булатовић А. Културна група Коцофени-Костолац на територији источне Србије. In: Старинар, 2012,vol. 62,pp. 63-94.
52. Petrović J., Jovanović B. Gomolava, naselja kasnog eneolita. Beograd, Novi Sad, 2002, 387 p.
53. Булатовић А. Феномен праисторијских ритуалних јама, неколико примера са централног Балкана. In: Старинар, 2015, vol. 65, pp. 7-35.
54. Bulatović J. Preliminary Report on Animal Bones from Bubanj. In: Bulatović A., Milanović D. Bubanj, the Copper and the Early Bronze Age Tellin Southeastern Serbia. Mitteilungen der Prähistorischen Kommission, Band 90. Wien, Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 2020, pp. 329-337.
55. Sørensen østergaard J. Animal bones. In: Merkyte I. Lîga Copper Age strategies in Bulgaria. Acta archaeologica, 2005, vol. 76 (1), pp. 132-139.
56. Berciu D. Contribuţii la problemele neoliticului in Rominia in lumina noilor cercetâri. Bucureşti, Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romine, 1961. 593 p.
57. Roman P. Strukturanderungen des Endaneolithikums im Donau-Karpaten-Raum. In: Dacia, 1971, vol. 15, pp. 31-169.
58. Георгиева П. Материали от претходния период между каменномедната и бронзовата епоха от Северна България. In: Археология, 1987,vol. 1. pp. 1-15.
59. Stevanović M. The Age of Clay: The Social Dynamics of House Destruction. In: Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 1997, vol. 16, pp. 334-395.
60. Chapman J. Deliberate house-burning in the prehistory of central and eastern Europe. In: Glyfer och arkeologiska rum: En vänbok till Jarl Nordbladh. Gȍteborg, University of Gȍteborg Press, 1999, pp. 113-126.
61. Bulatović A., Kapuran A. Cultural contacts between communities of southwestern Romania and the central Balkans in the fourth millennium BC. In: Cristian I. P., ed. The Carpathian Basin and the Northern Balkans between 3500 and 2500 BC: Common Aspects and Regional Differences, Annales Universitatis Apulensis: Series Historica, 2017, vol. 20/II, pp. 183-201.
62. Anthony D. W. The Rise and fall of Old Europe. In: Anthony D. W., Chi J. Y., eds. The Lost World of Old Europe: The Danube Valley, 5000-3500 BC. Princeton University Press, 2010, pp. 29-57.
63. Gimbutas M. The first Wave of Euroasian Steppe Pastorialists into Copper Age Europe. In: Journal of Indoeuropean Studies, 1977, vol. 5. pp. 277-338.
64. Chapman J., Higham T., Slavchev V., Gaydarska B., Honch N. The Social Context of the Emergence, Development and Abandonment of the Varna Cemetery, Bulgaria. In: European Journal of Archaeology,2006, no. 9 (2-3), pp. 159-183.
65. Krauß R., Schmid C., Kirschenheuter D., Abele J., Slavchev V., Weninger B. Chronology and development of the Chalcolithic necropolis of Varna I. In: Documenta Praehistorica, 2017, vol. 44, pp. 282-305.
Review
Views:
276
Email this article 