RUSSIA’S FOREIGN TRADE UNDER PETER THE GREAT

Abstract

Aim. The aim of this paper is to find out the main tendencies in the development and the results of Russian foreign trade during Peter the Great’s reign. Methodology. The study is based upon the author’s survey in the national archives and summarizing the data in domestic and foreign literature. Results. The study covers the main changes in the foreign trade of Russia that took place during Peter the Great reign due to his reforms. They are: setting St.Petersburg as the leading Russian port in the Western European direction, return to domination of the English merchants among other foreign merchants in the Russian market and simultaneously starting regular direct contacts with France, Spain, Italy, Portugal, developing contacts with Northern German ports in the Baltic (Lubeck, Rostock and others), imposition of customs tariff as a tool for mercantilism and protectionism policy. Stable trade contacts with Eastern countries through Astrakhan and the Caspian sea were sustained. Intentions to expand the foreign trade initiated under Peter I are seen as unfulfilled: such as grain export, setting up direct trade with India, moderating trade with China. Research implications. The results of the study are significant for understanding the aims and the results of Peter’s reforms.