DEATH OF THE USSR: FACTORIAL FOUNDATIONS OF A CIVILIZATIONAL CATASTROPHE. ON THE 30TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE TRAGIC EVENTSOF THE COLLAPSE OF THE UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS

Aim. Identify the causal reasons for the dissolution of the USSR in terms of the analysis of the Soviet civilizational system and the development of the Soviet project Methodology. The presented materials were structured on the basis of expert interviews with a number of historians, political scientists and public figures. The analysis of the reasons for the collapse of the USSR was carried out at the level of comprehending the history of the Soviet project as a whole, the advantages and disadvantages of the socialism models. Results. Most of the experts agreed on the conclusion that there was no predetermination for the fall of the USSR. At the same time, the factors of the crisis of the late Soviet system were indicated, associated with strategic mistakes made at various historical stages. An important role, according to the conclusions of experts, in the fall of the USSR belonged to the factor of «betrayal of the elites». Research implications. The results of the analysis can be used to develop a holistic approach to understanding the collapse of the USSR and to use the experience to prevent similar civilizational catastrophes in the future. It is advisable to use the presented materials also in teaching a wide range of disciplines of historical and political science orientation.

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