N. K. MIKHAILOVSKY AND F. M. DOSTOEVSKY (TO UNDERSTAND THE PROBLEM OF RELATIONS BETWEEN THE PEOPLE AND THE INTELLIGENTSIA IN THE POST-REFORM THOUGHT OF RUSSIA)

Aim. To consider the literary polemics of N. K. Mikhailovsky and F. M. Dostoevsky on the problem of relations between the people and the intelligentsia. This problem is central to the social thought of Russia in the second half of the 19th century, since its solution determined the direction and nature of the political development of the country, putting the country before a choice between peaceful development and violent revolution. This problem was not specifically raised in historiography. Certain aspects of the relationship between Dostoevsky and Mikhailovsky (polemics about the novel «Demons», etc.) were considered in the works of V. A. Tvardovskaya. Methodology. The research is based on the use of F. M. Dostoevsky's journalism and N. K. Mikhailovsky's critical articles and memoirs of contemporaries. For the first time, the unpublished manuscript of A. P. Flerov is introduced into historiographical circulation, allowing us to consider the role of Mikhailovsky as a critic of F. M. Dostoevsky in a new way. Results. It was found that Mikhailovsky's literary and critical techniques in relation to Dostoevsky's work were motivated by socio-political and value factors, rather than aesthetic, which inevitably led to a deliberate distortion of the writer's work. In the polemic of the two publicists, two irreconcilable worldviews collided - Christian and positivist-secular. Research implications. The results of the study nuance and enrich the picture of Russian literary criticism and public struggle on the issue of the relationship between the intelligentsia and the people.

people, intellectuals, capitalism, literary criticism, populism, Christianity, worldview

1. Бердяев Н. А. Духи русской революции // Из глубины: сб. статей о русской революции / С. А. Аскольдов, Н. А. Бердяев, С. А. Булгаков и др. М.: Новости, 1991. 298 с.

2. Булгаков С. Н. От марксизма к идеализму. Статьи и рецензии. 1895-1903. М., 1997. 1007 с.

3. Булгаков С. Н. Тихие думы. М., Республика, 1996. 509 с.

4. Иванов-Разумник Р. В. История русской общественной мысли. М.: Республика-Терра, 1997. 399 с.

5. Кладова Н. А. Концепция долга интеллигенции перед народом в 70-е гг. XIX века. (Ф. М. Достоевский и народники-социалисты) // Вестник Костромского государственного университета имени Н. А. Некрасова. 2008. № 4. С. 161-165.

6. Лосский Н. О. Достоевский и его христианское миропонимание. Нью-Йорк: Из-во имени Чехова, 1953. 406 с.

7. Розанов В. Русская мысль. М.: Алгоритм, 2006. 573 с.

8. Свинцова Л. Г. Ф. М. Достоевский об отношении между интеллигенцией и православным народом // Интеграция образования. 2001. № 8. С. 55-59.

9. Сухотина Л. Г. Достоевский в общественной мысли России второй половины XIX - начала ХХ века // Вестник Томского университета. 2003. № 277. С. 64-72

10. Твардовская В. А. Ф. М. Достоевский в общественной жизни России. М., Наука, 1990. 340 с.