Intangible ethno-cultural heritage of Russia as a basis for national identity: challenges of constructivism and instrumentalism

Aim. To substantiate the importance of ethnocultural heritage for the formation of Russian civilisational identity and to identify the threats associated with the artificial construction of identity in the context of globalization and politicization of ethnicity.
Methodology. The present study analysed normative acts (Federal Law no. 402-FZ, Presidential Decrees no. 809, 314, 702) with a view to identifying the approach to ethnic identity presented in them. 
The analysis of the documents revealed a preponderant essentialist approach, emphasising the sta- bility and continuity of cultural forms. Furthermore, a comparative study of theoretical approaches (essentialism, constructivism, and instrumentalism) and comparative analysis of works devoted to the problem of identity was conducted, resulting in the identification and elucidation of the connection between ethnic and Russian civilisational identity.
Results. The findings of the study suggest that the Russian legal framework is predicated on an es- sentialist understanding of ethnicity, emphasising the stability of cultural forms. The study identifies the risks of constructivism and instrumentalism, which can lead to the erosion of traditional values. 
The study substantiates the role of ethnocultural heritage in serving as a tool for the preservation of civilizational identity.
Research implications. The theoretical significance lies in systematizing approaches to studying identity. The practical significance involves proposing measures to integrate traditional values into educational programs and support local cultural initiatives to strengthen interethnic harmony.

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