On the issue of Pre-Greek settlement on the site of Gorgippia
https://doi.org/10.18384/2949-5164-2023-5-12-22
Abstract
Aim. To conduct a research of pre-antique archaeological materials found at the settlement of Gorgippia.
Methodology. The cultural and typological analysis of the materials of the Eneolithic period and the Bronze Age from the territory of the ancient settlement of Gorgippia was carried out. Comparative-typological, comparative-cultural and comparative-historical methods are used in the work, and the method of analysis and synthesis is applied.
Results. The existence of a pre-Greek settlement on the place of the ancient Gorgippia has been established. Its origin dates back to the Eneolithic period. Judging by some finds, the settlement existed until the late Bronze Age. One of its functions could have been to maintain maritime contacts with the population of Anatolia and Aegeida.
Research implications. The archaeological materials of the Eneolithic and Bronze Age, originating from the ancient Gorgippia settlement, have been introduced into scientific circulation and generalized. The fact of the existence of a pre-Greek settlement there has been established.
About the Author
A. M. NovichikhinRussian Federation
Andrey M. Novichikhin – Cand. Sci. (History), Senior Researcher, Department of Archaeology
ul. Nabereghnaya 4, Anapa 354440
References
1. Alekseeva E. M. Antichnyy gorod Gorgippiya [The ancient city of Gorgippia]. Moscow, Redaktsiya URSS Publ., 1997. 560 p.
2. Voronov Yu. N. Drevnosti Sochi i yego okrestnostey [Antiquities of Sochi and its environs]. Krasnodar, Kn. iz-vo Publ., 1979. 112 p.
3. Gey A. N. [“Southern trace” in the monuments of the Maykop culture of the Western Caucasus]. In: Tsivilizatsionnyye tsentry i pervobytnaya periferiya v epokhu rannego metalla: Modeli vzaimodeystviya: tezisy dokladov kruglogo stola [Civilization centers and primitive periphery in the early metal era: models of interaction: abstracts of round table reports]. Moscow, IA RAN Publ., 2013, pp. 13–15.
4. Gey A. N., Malyshev A. A., Antipina E. E., Bogatenkov D. V., Vyazkova O. E., Golyeva A. A., Drobyshevsky S. V., et al. [Paleoecology of the North-Western Caucasus (Works of the North Caucasian archaeological expedition in 2001)]. In: Istoriko-arkheologicheskiye almanakh [Historical and Archaeological Almanac], 2002, no. 8, pp. 74–105.
5. Gey A. N., Savchenko E. I. [Study of the Myskhako I settlement in 1990]. In: Arkheologicheskiye raskopki na Kubani v 1989–1990 godakh [Archaeological excavations in the Kuban in 1989–1990]. Yeisk, 1992, pp. 12–15.
6. Dmitriev A. V. [Settlement of the Maykop culture on Myskhako]. In: 13th «Krupnovskiye chteniya» po arkheologii Severnogo Kavkaza [XIII “Krupnovskie readings” on the archeology of the North Caucasus]. Maykop, 1984, pp. 32–33.
7. Dmitriev A. V. [“Post-dolmen horizons”, “paleo-dolmens” and the origins of their construction]. In: XXXII Krupnovskiye chteniya. Drevniye i srednevekovyye kultury Kavkaza: otkrytiya, gipotezy, originalnost [32nd Krupnov Readings. Ancient and medieval cultures of the Caucasus: discoveries, hypotheses, interpretations.]. Maykop, Kachestvo Publ., 2022, pp. 44–47.
8. Dmitriev A. V. [Dolmens. The researchers’ misconceptions and the way out of the impasse (Logical analysis of conclusions)]. In: Materialy i issledovaniya po arkheologii Severnogo Kavkaza [Materials and research on the archeology of the North Caucasus], 2022, iss. 20, pp. 6–35.
9. Kiyashko A. V., Sudarev N. I. [On the issue of ethnocultural affiliation and chronology of monuments of the Late Bronze Age on the Taman Peninsula]. In: XIX Bosporskiye chteniya. Bospor Kimmeriyskiy i varvarskiy mir v period antichnosti i srednevekov’ya. Traditsii i innovatsii. Materialy mezhdunarodnoy nauchnoy konferentsii [19th Bosporan Readings. Bosporus Cimmerian and barbarian world during the period of antiquity and the Middle Ages. Tradition and innovation. Proceedings of the international scientific conference]. Simferopol-Kerch, 2018, pp. 212–218.
10. Klemeshov A. S., Malyshev A. A. [Anthropogenic landscapes of the Raevskoye hillfort]. In: Vestnik Moskovskogo gosudarstvennogo oblastnogo universiteta. Seriya: Istoriya i politicheskie nauki [Bulletin of the Moscow State Regional University. Series: History and political sciences], 2022, no. 5, Circumpontics, vol. IV, pp. 142–154.
11. Kononenko A. P. [Polished “adze axes” and their use at the Myskhako settlement]. In: Drevnosti Kubani: mat-ly seminara [Antiquities of Kuban: seminar materials]. Krasnodar, 1987, pp. 20–22.
12. Kruglikova I. T. [Monuments of the Bronze Age from Cimmeric]. In: Kratkiye soobshcheniya o dokladakh i polevykh issledovaniyakh [Brief reports on reports and field studies], 1952, iss. 43, pp. 108–118.
13. Malyshev A. A. [Planigraphy and funeral rites of the Myskhako burial ground]. In: Myskhakskiy nekropol’. Raskopki 1978–1979 gg. (Nekropoli Chernomorya. Vyp. V) [Myskhak necropolis. Excavations 1978–1979 (Necropolises of the Black Sea region. Iss. V)]. Moscow, MAKS Press Publ., 2020, pp. 123–142.
14. Markovin V. I., Munchaev R. M. [About two types of stone tools of the North Caucasus]. In: Kratkiye soobshcheniya o dokladakh i polevykh issledovaniyakh [Brief reports on reports and field research], 1961, iss. 84, pp. 19–29.
15. Markovin V. I., Munchaev R. M. Severnyy Kavkaz. Ocherki drevney i srednevekovoy istorii i kultury [North Caucasus. Essays on ancient and medieval history and culture]. Moscow, Grif i K Publ., 2003. 340 p.
16. Machinsky D. A. [On the figurative structure of silver and gold artistic items from the Maykop mound]. In: Zuev V. Yu., ed. ΣΥΣΣΙΤΙΑ. Pamyati Yu. V. Andreyeva [ΣΥΣΣΙΤΙΑ. In memory of Yu. V. Andreev]. St. Petersburg, Aletheya Publ., 2000, pp. 45–70.
17. Moleva N. V. [Antiquities of the Stone and Bronze Ages on the ancient monuments of the Bosporus]. In: Antichnyy mir i arkheologiya [Antique world and archeology], 2002, iss. 11, pp. 200–204.
18. Munchaev R. M. [Maykop culture]. In: Dzhaparidze O. M., Kushnareva K. Kh., Markovin V. I., et al. Epokha bronzy Kavkaza i sredy Azii. Rannyaya i srednyaya bronza [Bronze Age of the Caucasus and Central Asia. Early and Middle Bronze] / Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1994, pp. 158–225.
19. Nebieridze L., Tskvitinidze N. [Neolithic of the Western Caucasus]. In: Amirani [ამირანი (Amirani)], 2012, vol. XXIV, pp. 59–83.
20. Nekhaev A. A. [Eneolithic settlements of the Trans-Kuban region]. In: Drevniye pamyati Kubani [Ancient monuments of the Kuban]. Krasnodar, Upravleniye kultury Krasnodarskogo krayapolkoma Publ., 1990, pp. 5–22.
21. Nekhaev A. A. [Pre-Maykop culture of the North Caucasus]. In: Arkheologicheskiye vesti [Archaeological news], 1992, vol. 1, pp. 76–96.
22. Novichikhin A. M. [Finding a bronze celt in Gorgippia]. In: Shatum R. B., Ulitin V. V., eds. V «Anfimovskiye chteniya» po arkheologii Zapadnogo Kavkaza. Kultury i vzaimodeystviye narodov Kavkaza v drevnosti i srednevekovyye [5th “Anfimov Readings” on the archeology of the Western Caucasus. Cultures and interactions of the peoples of the Caucasus in antiquity and the Middle Ages]. Krasnodar, Vika-print Publ., 2015, pp. 203–205.
23. Onayko N. A. [New monument of Maykop culture]. In: Kratkiye soobshcheniya o dokladakh i polevykh issledovaniyakh [Brief reports on reports and field research], 1973, vol. 134: Bronze Age on the territory of the USSR, pp. 58–59.
24. Ostashinsky S. M. [Insert tools of the Meshoko settlement]. In: Berlizov N. E., ed. Drevnosti Zapadnogo Kavkaza [Antiquities of the Western Caucasus]. Krasnodar, 2013, pp. 4–28.
25. Sizov V. I. [Eastern coast of the Black Sea. Archaeological excursions]. In: gr. Uvarova, ed. Materialy po arkheologii Kavkaza, sobrannyye ekspeditsiyami Moskovskogo arkheologicheskogo obshchestva [Materials on the archeology of the Caucasus, collected by expeditions of the Moscow Archaeological Society], 1889, iss. II, pp. 1–183.
26. Stolyar A. D. [Meshoko – a settlement of the Maykop culture]. In: Sbornik materialov po arkheologii Adygei [Collection of materials on the archeology of Adygea]. Maykop, 1961, pp. 73–98.
27. Formozov A. A. Kamennyy vek i eneolit Prikubanya [Stone Age and Eneolithic of the Kuban region]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1965. 160 p.
28. Cherlenok E. A. Arkheologiya Kavkaza (mezolit, neolit, eneolit) [Archeology of the Caucasus (Mesolithic, Neolithic, Chalcolithic)]. St. Petersburg, 2013. 53 p.
29. Chernykh E. N. Drevnyaya metalloobrabotka na Yugo-Zapade SSSR [Ancient metalworking in the South-West of the USSR]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1976. 301 p.
30. Shishlov A. V. [Archaeological monuments of Novorossiysk and the history of their research]. In: Istoricheskiye zapiski. Issledovaniya i materialy [Historical notes. Research and materials. Vip. 2]. Novorosiisk, 1996, pp. 43–59.
31. Shishlov A. V., Kolpakova A. V., Fedorenko N. V. [Cultural and economic ties and contacts of the population of the coastal part of the North-West Caucasus in the Early Bronze Age]. In: XXXII Drevniye i srednevekovyye kultury Kavkaza: otkrytiya, gipotezy, svoyeobraziye. Krupnovskiye chteniya [32nd Ancient and medieval cultures of the Caucasus: discoveries, hypotheses, interpretations. Krupnovsky readings]. Maykop, Kachestvo Publ., 2022, pp. 113–116.