AGGRAVATION OF THE INTERNAL POLITICAL SITUATION IN AUSTRIA FOLLOWING THE RISE OF THE DOLLFUSS REGIME (1933-1934)

Abstract

Aim. To analyze the ascendance to power of Austria’s Dollfuss regime and the opposing struggle against the terrorist dictatorship (1933-1934). Methodology. Methods of historical research are used, primarily the historical-genetic method, allowing a consideration of the dynamics of the issues under study and a recreation of the cause-and-effect relationships among them. In presenting the material, the author also refers to the problem-chronological approach based on the principle of historicism. Results. The author concludes that the reactionary ruling circles in the country destroyed the remnants of democratic freedoms, seeking to transition to fascist methods of governance by encouraging the growth of fascist organizations. From 1931, the danger of national socialism increased markedly in Austria, due largely to the rise of the Heimwehr, the armed guard of large Austrian landowners, as well as the growth of fascism in neighboring Germany and pro-fascist sympathies in Austrian ruling circles. The danger intensified in late 1932 through early 1933, with the growing desire of reactionary elements of the Ausian ruling circles to institute openly fascist methods of government and eliminate parliamentarism. At this time the fascist movement took on significant scale and the country’s economic crisis reached its greatest depths. Theoretical and/or Practical Implications. Findings are relevant for the preparation of textbooks on the modern history of Europe and America, as well as special courses on the history of Austria.