Initial “Kizil-Koba” monuments of the Southwestern and Southeastern Crimea: problems of chronology and continuity (11th–10th centuries BC)
https://doi.org/10.18384/2949-5164-2024-5-139-151
Abstract
Aim. To highlight the chronological horizons of the monuments of the Mountainous Crimea of the epochs of the end of the Late Bronze Age – the beginning of the Early Iron Age.
Methodology. A comparative typological method is used to develop the chronology. The monuments of the Mountainous Crimea are synchronized with the cultures of the Northern Black Sea region of the Late Bronze Age – Early Iron Age.
Results. During the analysis of the materials, it turned out that the monuments of the Mountainous Crimea make up two chronological horizons: 11th–10th centuries BC (Belozersky period) and 8th–7th centuries BC (horizon of the early Kizil-Koba culture). It is suggested that there is a chronological gap between them.
Research implications. The results obtained are important for the development of the problem of the genesis of the Kizil-Koba culture of the Mountainous Crimea.
About the Author
N. D. LuchinskyRussian Federation
Nikolay D. Luchinsky – Member of Institute,
ul. Dmitry Ulyanova 19, Moscow 117292
References
1. Agulnikov S. M., Shilov Yu. A. [Mound of the Belozersky culture in the village of Kairy]. In: Toshchev G. N., ed. Drevnosti stepnogo Prichernomorya i Kryma. Vip. 1 [Antiquities of the Black Sea and Crimean Steppes. Iss. I]. Zaporozhye, ZSU Publ., 1990, pp. 67–70.
2. Vanchugov V. P. Belozerskiye pamyatniki v Severo-Zapadnom Prichernomorye. neuvyazka formirovaniya belozerskoy kultury [Belozersky monuments in the North-Western Black Sea region. The problem of formation of Belozersky culture]. Kyiv, Naukova dumka Publ., 1990. 168 p.
3. Gavrilyuk N. A. Lepnaya keramika rannikh kochevnikov Severnogo Prichernomorya (IX – pervaya polovina VII vv. do n. e.) [Molded pottery of the early nomads of the Northern Black Sea region (9th – first half of the 7th century BC)]. Kyiv, Izdatel Oleg Finyuk Publ., 2017. 338 p.
4. Grakov B. N. Ranniy zheleznyy vek. (Kul'tury Zapadnoy i Yugo-Vostochnoy Yevropy) [Early Iron Age. (Cultures of Western and South-Eastern Europe)]. Moscow, Izd-vo stolichnogo institute Publ., 1977. 232 p.
5. Grakov B. N., Terenozhkin A. I. [Subbotovo settlement]. In: Sovetskaya arkheologiya [Soviet archeology], 1958, no. 2, pp. 164–178.
6. Kashuba M. T. [Early Iron in the Lesostepes between the Dniester and Syrets (Kozia-Saharna culture)]. In: Stratum plus, 2000, no. 3, pp. 241–488.
7. Kolotukhin V. A. Gornyy Krym v epokhu pozdney bronzy – nachale zheleznogo veka. (etnokulturnyye protsessy) [Gorny Krym in the Late Bronze Age - the beginning of the Iron Age. (Ethnocultural processes)]. Kyiv, Yuzhnohorodskie vedomosti Publ., 1996. 158 p.
8. Kolotukhin V. A. Pozdniy bronzovyy vek Kryma [The Late Bronze Age of Crimea]. Kyiv, ID "Stilos" Publ., 2003. 139 p.
9. Koltukhov S. G. Kimmeriytsy Stepnogo i Predgornogo Kryma (pogrebal'nyye pamyatniki i «komplekty» IX–VII vv. do n. e.) [Cimmerians of the Steppe and Foothill Crimea (burial monuments and "sets" of the 9th–7th centuries BC). Simferopol, IT "ARIAL", 2022. 116 p.
10. Kravchenko Ye. A. Kyzyl-kobinskaya kultura v Zapadnom Krymu [Kyzyl-Kobyn culture in Western Crimea]. Kyiv; Lutsk, IA NAN Ukrainy, 2011. 272 p.
11. Chris H. I. Kyzyl-kobinskaya kultura i tavry [Kizil-Kobyn culture and brands]. Moscow, Nauka Pbl., 1981. 129 p.
12. Chris H. I. [Explorations on a settlement of the Late Bronze and Early Iron Ages in the Ashlam basin near Bakhchisaray]. In: Sovetskaya arkheologiya [Soviet archeology], 1955, iss. XXIV, pp. 184–196.
13. Vnukov S. Yu., Sharov O. V. Krym-Tavrida. Arkheologicheskiye issledovaniya v Krymu v 2017-2018 gg. T. II [Krym-Tavrida. Archaeological research in Crimea in 2017–2018. Vol. II]. Moscow, IA RAN Publ., 2019. 396 p.
14. Luchinsky N. D. [About the origin of Kizil-Koba culture]. In: Vestnik Gosudarstvennogo universiteta prosveshcheniya. Seriya: Istoriya i politicheskiye nauki [Bulletin of the Moscow Region State University. Series: History and political science], 2022, no. 5, Circumpontica, iss. III, pp. 85–102.
15. Luchinsky N. D. [Monuments of the Kizil-Koba culture of the central group in the mountainous Crimea: chronology of the initial stage (11th–10th centuries BC)]. In: Vestnik Gosudarstvennogo universiteta prosveshcheniya. Seriya: Istoriya i politicheskiye nauki [Bulletin of State University of Education. Series: History and political sciences], 2023, no. 5, Circumpontica, iss. IV, pp. 119–128.
16. Lysenko S. S. Ukrasheniye naseleniya Severnogo Prichernomorya epokhi pozdney bronzy [Decorations of the population of the Northern Black Sea region of the Late Bronze Age]. Chisinau; Kyiv, Stratum Publ., 2021. 688 p.
17. Kravchenko E. A., Gorbanenko S. A., Horobets L. V., Kroitor R. V., Razumov S. N., Sergeeva M. S., Yanish E. Yu. Ot bronzy k zhelezu: khozyaystvo obitateley Inkermanskoy ravniny (po materialam issledovatelskikh rabot poseleniy Uch-Bash i Sakharnaya Golovka) [From bronze to iron: the household of the inhabitants of the Inkerman valley (according to research materials, Uch-Bash and Sakharnaya Golovka were settled)]. K.: IA NAN Ukrainy Publ., 2016. 318 p.
18. Safronov V. A. Indoyevropeyskiye prarodiny [Indo-European ancestors]. Gorky, Volgo-Vyatskoye knizhnoye izd-vo Publ., 1989. 398 p.
19. Terenozhkin A. I. Predskifskiy period na dneprovskom Pravoberezhye [Pre-Scythian period on the Right Bank of the Dnieper]. Kyiv, AN USSR Publ., 1961. 248 p.
20. Hänsel B. Beiträge zur regionalen und chronologischen gliederung der älteren Hallstattzeit an der unteren Donau. T. I. Bonn, GMBH, 1976. 379 p.