The article is devoted to the problems of ensuring the rights and interests of Russian compatriots abroad after disintegration of the USSR. The article examines political and legal means used by Russia to resolve the situation of compatriots abroad and their resettlement in Russia. The effectiveness of these norms is also evaluated. The article underlines the positive trends in solving the problems of compatriots. In particular, the improvement and development of relevant legislation is indicated, as well as the diplomatic efforts in the framework of international organizations, and the implementation of the Program of voluntary resettlement of compatriots. The issues of strengthening of integration processes in the Eurasian space and implementation of measures aimed at formation of positive image of Russia within the country and abroad are scrutinized. However, in the opinion of the author, comprehensive securing of Russian compatriots’ rights and interests will be possible only after the failure of the West's policy of double standards in human rights protection as the geopolitical interests of the USA and some countries of Western Europe are the main obstacle to the formation and development of the "Russian world".