<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">historymgou</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Государственного университета просвещения. Серия: История и политические науки</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of the State University of Education. Series: History and Political Sciences</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2949-5156</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-5164</issn><publisher><publisher-name>State University of Education</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18384/2310-676X-2021-5-179-202</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">historymgou-247</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЦИРКУМПОНТИКА</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ЗНАКИ-НИШАН АРИСТОКРАТИИ САСАНИДСКОГО ИРАНА</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>NISHAN-SIGNS OF THE ARISTOCRACY OF SASANIAN IRAN</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яценко</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yatsenko</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">sergey_yatsenko@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский государственный гуманитарный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian State University for the Humanities</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>02</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>179</fpage><lpage>202</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Яценко С.А., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Яценко С.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yatsenko S.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.istpolitmgou.ru/jour/article/view/247">https://www.istpolitmgou.ru/jour/article/view/247</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель. Системно рассмотреть и идентифицировать знаки-нишан сасанидских шаханшахов и знати в разных аспектах их восприятия и употребления современниками и ближайшими потомками. Процедура и методы. Исследование выполнено с использованием признанного международным сообществом комплекса авторских методик работы со знаковыми системами типа нишан/тамга, разработанного после 1995 г. Результаты. Выявлены основные особенности бытования сасанидских нишан на материале имперской знати и их близость знакам иранского мира. Идентифицированы 22 знака шаханшахов. Уточнены личности реформаторов, изменивших принципы использования и облик знаков элиты. Теоретическая и/или практическая значимость. Впервые комплексно изучена совокупность клановых, семейных и личных эмблем аристократии одной из крупнейших империй поздней античности и начала средневековья.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Aim. The systematic analysis and identification of nishan-signs of the Sasanian shahanshahs and nobility in various aspects of their perception and usage by contemporaries and immediate descendants. Methodology. The complex of author’s methods of study of the nishan/tamga type sign systems was developed after 1995 and is internationally recognized. Results. The main features of the Sasanian nishans on the material of the Imperial nobility, as well as their proximity to the signs of the Iranian world, are defined. 22 signs of shahanshahs have been identified. The personalities of the reformers who changed the principles of usage and appearance of elite signs are clarified. Research implications. For the first time the complex of clan, family and personal emblems of the aristocracy of one of the biggest empires of the Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages has been comprehensively studied.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>знаки-нишан</kwd><kwd>империя Сасанидов Ирана</kwd><kwd>аристократия</kwd><kwd>принципы использования эмблем</kwd><kwd>идентификация знаков правителей</kwd><kwd>хронологическая специфика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>nishan-signs</kwd><kwd>Sassanid Empire of Iran</kwd><kwd>aristocracy</kwd><kwd>principles of emblems’ usage</kwd><kwd>identification of signs of rulers</kwd><kwd>chronological specifics</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Археология и история Кангюйского государства / С. А. Яценко, А. К. Авизова, А. И. Торгоев, А. Саипов, А. В. Кулиш, Е. П. Китов, А. Е. Рогожинский и др. Шымкент: Әлэм, 2020. 288 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Археология и история Кангюйского государства / С. А. Яценко, А. К. Авизова, А. И. Торгоев, А. Саипов, А. В. Кулиш, Е. П. Китов, А. Е. Рогожинский и др. Шымкент: Әлэм, 2020. 288 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дашков С. Б. Цари царей - Сасаниды. Иран III-VII вв. в легендах, исторических хрониках и современных исследованиях. М.: СМИ-АЗИЯ, 2008. 352 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Дашков С. Б. Цари царей - Сасаниды. Иран III-VII вв. в легендах, исторических хрониках и современных исследованиях. М.: СМИ-АЗИЯ, 2008. 352 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кошеленко Г. А. Родина парфян. М.: Советский художник, 1977. 176 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Кошеленко Г. А. Родина парфян. М.: Советский художник, 1977. 176 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Луконин В. Г. Иран в эпоху первых Сасанидов. Очерки истории и культуры. Л.: Изд-во Государственного Эрмитажа, 1961. 116 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Луконин В. Г. Иран в эпоху первых Сасанидов. Очерки истории и культуры. Л.: Изд-во Государственного Эрмитажа, 1961. 116 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тамги доисламской Центральной Азии / С. А. Яценко, А. Е. Рогожинский, Е. А. Смагулов, К. Ш. Табалдыев, С. Р. Баратов, Дж. Я. Ильясов, Г. Б. Бабаяров. Самарканд, 2019. 452 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Тамги доисламской Центральной Азии / С. А. Яценко, А. Е. Рогожинский, Е. А. Смагулов, К. Ш. Табалдыев, С. Р. Баратов, Дж. Я. Ильясов, Г. Б. Бабаяров. Самарканд, 2019. 452 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Яценко С. А. Знаки-тамги ираноязычных народов древности и раннего средневековья. М.: Восточная литература, 2001. 190 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Яценко С. А. Знаки-тамги ираноязычных народов древности и раннего средневековья. М.: Восточная литература, 2001. 190 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Яценко С. А. Использование сарматских тамг западными и северными соседями сарматов в I-IV вв. н. э. // Археологическое наследие. 2020. № 1 (3). С. 409-420.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Яценко С. А. Использование сарматских тамг западными и северными соседями сарматов в I-IV вв. н. э. // Археологическое наследие. 2020. № 1 (3). С. 409-420.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alram M., Gyselen R. Sylloge Nummorum Sasanidarum. Band I. Ardashir I - Shapur I. Vienna: Verl. der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2003. 404 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alram M., Gyselen R. Sylloge Nummorum Sasanidarum. Band I. Ardashir I - Shapur I. Vienna: Verl. der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2003. 404 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bivar A. D. N. Catalogue of the Western Asiatic Seals in the British Museum. Stamp Seals II: The Sasanian Dynasty. London: British Museum, 1969. 147 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bivar A. D. N. Catalogue of the Western Asiatic Seals in the British Museum. Stamp Seals II: The Sasanian Dynasty. London: British Museum, 1969. 147 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brunner C. J. Sasanian Stamp Seals in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1978. 150 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brunner C. J. Sasanian Stamp Seals in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1978. 150 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chegini N. N., Nikitin A. B. Sasanian coins // History of cilivizations of Central Asia. Vol. III. Paris: UNESCO Publ., 1996. P. 49-56.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chegini N. N., Nikitin A. B. Sasanian coins // History of cilivizations of Central Asia. Vol. III. Paris: UNESCO Publ., 1996. P. 49-56.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Curtis V. S. Royal and Religious symbols on early Sasanian coins // Current Research in Sasanian Archaeology, Art and History. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2008. P. 137-147.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Curtis V. S. Royal and Religious symbols on early Sasanian coins // Current Research in Sasanian Archaeology, Art and History. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2008. P. 137-147.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fukai S., Horiuchi K. Taq-i Bustan. Vol. III. Tokyo: Institute of Oriental Culture, 1983. 17 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fukai S., Horiuchi K. Taq-i Bustan. Vol. III. Tokyo: Institute of Oriental Culture, 1983. 17 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fukai S., Horiuchi K. Taq-i Bustan. Vol. IV. Tokyo: Institute of Oriental Culture, 1984. 160 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fukai S., Horiuchi K. Taq-i Bustan. Vol. IV. Tokyo: Institute of Oriental Culture, 1984. 160 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gadjiev M. S. On the interpretation of Derbent’s Mason Marks. In: Traditional Marking Systems: A Preliminary Survey. London, Dover: Dunkling Books, 2010. P. 181-212.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gadjiev M. S. On the interpretation of Derbent’s Mason Marks. In: Traditional Marking Systems: A Preliminary Survey. London, Dover: Dunkling Books, 2010. P. 181-212.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gadћiev M. S., Kudrjavcev A. A. Steinmetzzeichen des 6. Jahrhunderts n. Chr. in Daruband // Archдologishce mittelungen aus Iran und Turan. 2001. Vol. 3. P. 357-390.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gadћiev M. S., Kudrjavcev A. A. Steinmetzzeichen des 6. Jahrhunderts n. Chr. in Daruband // Archдologishce mittelungen aus Iran und Turan. 2001. Vol. 3. P. 357-390.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ghirshman R. Iran. Parthes et Sassanides. Paris: Gallimard, 1962. 406 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ghirshman R. Iran. Parthes et Sassanides. Paris: Gallimard, 1962. 406 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Göbl R. Sasanian Numismatics. Braunschweig: Klinkhardt &amp; Biermann, 1971. 97 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Göbl R. Sasanian Numismatics. Braunschweig: Klinkhardt &amp; Biermann, 1971. 97 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gyselen R. Cataloque des sceaux, camees et bulles sassanides de la Bibliothèque Nationale et du Musée du Louvre. Vol. I. Collection Generale. Paris: Bibliothèque Nationale, 1993. 239 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gyselen R. Cataloque des sceaux, camees et bulles sassanides de la Bibliothèque Nationale et du Musée du Louvre. Vol. I. Collection Generale. Paris: Bibliothèque Nationale, 1993. 239 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gyselen R. Les Sceaux des Mages de l’Iran Sassanide // Au Carre four des Religions. Mélanges offerts á Philippe Gignoux. Bures-sur-Yvette: Res Orientales, 1995. P. 121-150.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gyselen R. Les Sceaux des Mages de l’Iran Sassanide // Au Carre four des Religions. Mélanges offerts á Philippe Gignoux. Bures-sur-Yvette: Res Orientales, 1995. P. 121-150.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gyselen R. Sasanian Seals and Sealings in the A. Saeedi Collection (Acta Iraniaca, Vol. 44). Louven: Peeters Publishers, 2007. 408 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gyselen R. Sasanian Seals and Sealings in the A. Saeedi Collection (Acta Iraniaca, Vol. 44). Louven: Peeters Publishers, 2007. 408 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Harper P. O., Meyers P. Silver Vessels of the Sasanian Period. Vol. 1: Royal Imagery. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1981. 256 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Harper P. O., Meyers P. Silver Vessels of the Sasanian Period. Vol. 1: Royal Imagery. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1981. 256 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Henig M. Classical Gems, Ancient and Modern Intaglios and Cameos in Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994. 538 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Henig M. Classical Gems, Ancient and Modern Intaglios and Cameos in Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994. 538 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Herrmann J., Mackenzie D. N., Howell R. The Sasanian Rock Reliefs in Bishapur. Part 3. Berlin: D. Reimer, 1983. 71 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Herrmann J., Mackenzie D. N., Howell R. The Sasanian Rock Reliefs in Bishapur. Part 3. Berlin: D. Reimer, 1983. 71 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Herrmann J., Mackenzie D. N., Howell R. The Sasanian Rock Reliefs in Naqsh-i Rustam. Berlin: D. Reimer, 1989. 72 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Herrmann J., Mackenzie D. N., Howell R. The Sasanian Rock Reliefs in Naqsh-i Rustam. Berlin: D. Reimer, 1989. 72 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hill G. F. Cataloque of the Greek Coins of Arabia, Mesopotamia and Persia. Bologna: Formi, 1965. 360 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hill G. F. Cataloque of the Greek Coins of Arabia, Mesopotamia and Persia. Bologna: Formi, 1965. 360 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huff D. Das Felsreliefs von Qir // Archaologishce Mittelungen aus Iran. 1984. Vol. 17. P. 225-236.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huff D. Das Felsreliefs von Qir // Archaologishce Mittelungen aus Iran. 1984. Vol. 17. P. 225-236.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kröger J. Sasanidische Stuckdekor. Mainz am Rhein: Verl. P. von Zabern, 1982. 295 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kröger J. Sasanidische Stuckdekor. Mainz am Rhein: Verl. P. von Zabern, 1982. 295 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Monassero N. On some marks engraved on seals from Veh-Ardashir (Coche-Iraq) // Le Archeologie di Marilli. Miscellanea di studi in ricordo di Maria Maddalena Negro Ponzi Mancini. Alessandria: Edizioni dell’Orso, 2018. P. 85-104.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Monassero N. On some marks engraved on seals from Veh-Ardashir (Coche-Iraq) // Le Archeologie di Marilli. Miscellanea di studi in ricordo di Maria Maddalena Negro Ponzi Mancini. Alessandria: Edizioni dell’Orso, 2018. P. 85-104.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Muscarella O. W. Bronze and Iron Ancient Near Eastern Artifacts in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1988. 502 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Muscarella O. W. Bronze and Iron Ancient Near Eastern Artifacts in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1988. 502 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nazmjoo A. R. Persepolis. Monuments historiques du Fars. Pasargadae, Naqch-e Rostam et Naqsh-e Radjab. Teheran: Yassavoli, 2004. 132 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nazmjoo A. R. Persepolis. Monuments historiques du Fars. Pasargadae, Naqch-e Rostam et Naqsh-e Radjab. Teheran: Yassavoli, 2004. 132 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ritter N. On the development of Sasanian seals and sealing practice: A Mesopotamian Approach // Seals and Sealing Practices in the Near East. Leiden: Brill, 2012. P. 99-114.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ritter N. On the development of Sasanian seals and sealing practice: A Mesopotamian Approach // Seals and Sealing Practices in the Near East. Leiden: Brill, 2012. P. 99-114.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Romans and Barbarians. Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, 1977. 256 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Romans and Barbarians. Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, 1977. 256 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schindel N. Sasanian coinage // Encyclopædia Iranica : [сайт]. URL: http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/sasanian-coinage (дата обращения: 02.11.2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schindel N. Sasanian coinage // Encyclopædia Iranica : [сайт]. URL: http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/sasanian-coinage (дата обращения: 02.11.2021).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sellwood D. An Introduction to the Coinage of Parthia. London: Spink &amp; Son, 1971. 315 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sellwood D. An Introduction to the Coinage of Parthia. London: Spink &amp; Son, 1971. 315 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Splendeur des Sassanides. L’epire entre Rome et la Chine / cord. B. Overblaet. Bruxelles: Musees royaux d’ Art et d’ Histoire, 1993. 310 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Splendeur des Sassanides. L’epire entre Rome et la Chine / cord. B. Overblaet. Bruxelles: Musees royaux d’ Art et d’ Histoire, 1993. 310 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sasanian coins. A sylloge of the Sasanian Coins in the National Museum of Iran, Tehran. Vol. 1. Ardashir I - Hormizd IV / V. S. Curtis, M. E. Askari, E. J. Pendelton, R. Hodges, A-A. Safi. London: Institute of Persian Studies, 2010. 113 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sasanian coins. A sylloge of the Sasanian Coins in the National Museum of Iran, Tehran. Vol. 1. Ardashir I - Hormizd IV / V. S. Curtis, M. E. Askari, E. J. Pendelton, R. Hodges, A-A. Safi. London: Institute of Persian Studies, 2010. 113 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tanabe K. Identification of the King of Kings in the Upper Register of the Large Grotto, Taq-I Bustan // Eran ud Aneran. Studies Presented to Boris Ilich Marshak on the Occation of his 70th Birthday. Venice: Cafescarina, 2003. P. 583-602.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tanabe K. Identification of the King of Kings in the Upper Register of the Large Grotto, Taq-I Bustan // Eran ud Aneran. Studies Presented to Boris Ilich Marshak on the Occation of his 70th Birthday. Venice: Cafescarina, 2003. P. 583-602.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vanden Berghe L. Reliefs rupestres de l’Iran Ancien. Bruxelles: Musees Royaux d’art et d’histoire, 1984. 208 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vanden Berghe L. Reliefs rupestres de l’Iran Ancien. Bruxelles: Musees Royaux d’art et d’histoire, 1984. 208 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vanden Berghe L., Schippmann K. Les reliefs rupestres d’Elymaide (Iran) de l’ epoque parthe. Gand: Peeters Publishers, 1985. 175 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vanden Berghe L., Schippmann K. Les reliefs rupestres d’Elymaide (Iran) de l’ epoque parthe. Gand: Peeters Publishers, 1985. 175 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
