Aim. To identify the common factors that determine the direction of the evolution of F.M. Dostoevsky’s sociopolitical views and their influence on the ideological and political situation in Russia in the middle and the second half of the 19th century. The study also aims to highlight the possibility of implementing these ideas in the fields of modern Russia’s foreign and domestic policy. Methodology. The article considers the formation, the subsequent evolution, and the ideological peculiarities of F.M. Dostoevsky’s sociopolitical beliefs. A critical analysis of the statements made by the writer and thinker was undertaken. The subject matter of the in-depth analysis was the concepts of pochvennichestvo, the Russian idea and Russian socialism which determine the content of these statements as well as the values and ideals that underlie them. In the course of the research, civilizational and formational approaches in conjunction with systemic-structural, dialectical and comparative methods were used. Results. The key components of F.M. Dostoevsky’s sociopolitical philosophy were revealed, and the existing logical connections between them were identified. The author concluded that F.M. Dostoevsky was one of the first Russian thinkers to formulate the value foundations and principles of social conservatism. Research implications. The conducted research casts light on the evolution of the writer’s world view and provides insight into the ideological peculiarities of Dostoevsky’s sociopolitical beliefs.