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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">historymgou</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Государственного университета просвещения. Серия: История и политические науки</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of the State University of Education. Series: History and Political Sciences</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2949-5156</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-5164</issn><publisher><publisher-name>State University of Education</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18384/2310-676X-2021-2-125-138</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">historymgou-201</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ВСЕОБЩАЯ ИСТОРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GENERAL HISTORY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>«ЧЕРНАЯ ЛЕГЕНДА» КАК ИНСТРУМЕНТ ГЕОПОЛИТИЧЕСКОЙ БОРЬБЫ В XVI ВЕКЕ И ЕЁ ИНТЕРПРЕТАЦИЯ СЕГОДНЯ: ОЧЕРНЕНИЕ СТРАНЫ-ВРАГА И СОВРЕМЕННАЯ СТРАТЕГИЯ «ДЕМОНИЗАЦИИ»</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>“BLACK LEGEND” AS A TOOL OF THE GEOPOLITICAL STRUGGLE IN THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY AND ITS INTERPRETATION TODAY: THE DENIGRATION OF THE ENEMY-COUNTRY AND THE STRATEGY OF “DEMONIZING” THE ENEMY</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ашрафьян</surname><given-names>К. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ashrafyan</surname><given-names>K. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">kea6465@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Безносов</surname><given-names>М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Beznosov</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">mbeznosov@westga.edu</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский областной государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Region State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет Западной Джорджии (UWG)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>University of West Georgia (UWG)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>02</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>125</fpage><lpage>138</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ашрафьян К.Э., Безносов М., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ашрафьян К.Э., Безносов М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ashrafyan K.E., Beznosov M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.istpolitmgou.ru/jour/article/view/201">https://www.istpolitmgou.ru/jour/article/view/201</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель. Всесторонне изучить реальные исторические события, происходившие в 1562-1567 гг. на Земле испанской Флориды, когда Испания была очернена врагами, а незаконные действия самих французов были представлены в ином свете обществу Франции и Европы. Процедура и методы. Для исследования были отобраны важные работы: публикации Беннетта, в т. ч. мемуары французов, участвовавших в событиях, письма королей Испании и Франции, испанских послов во Франции, воспоминания современников тех событий и опубликованные рукописи. В работе использованы методы сравнения, исторического анализа, экспертной оценки. Результаты. Проведена историческая параллель между событиями развития техники манипулятивных методов воздействия сегодня и методами работы по очернению врага 450 лет назад. Показана история борьбы между Испанией и Францией на берегах современной Флориды и в Вест-Индии в 1565 г. И тогда, и сегодня «образ врага» распространяется, чтобы оправдать любые противоправные действия. На примерах 450-летней давности видно, как подкуп и экономические стимулы «пятой колонны» предателей внутри страны могут нанести непоправимый ущерб всему государству. Теоретическая и/или практическая значимость. На реальных примерах рассмотрены и раскрыты мифы об Испании. Показаны методы ведения и масштаб информационной войны, направленный на создание образа врага для общества Франции и европейских стран. Проведён сравнительный анализ исторических событий 1563-1565 гг. и современных технологий информационной войны.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Aim. To comprehensively study the real historical events that took place in 1562-1567 in Spanish Florida, when Spain was vilified by its enemies, while the illegal actions of the French themselves were presented in a different light to the society of France and Europe. Methodology. The following important works formed the basis of this research: Bennett’s publications, including the memoirs of the French who participated in the events; the letters from the kings of Spain and France, as well as Spanish ambassadors in France; the memoirs of the contemporaries of those events and published manuscripts. The research was conducted using the methods of comparison, historical analysis, and expert assessment. Results. The history of the struggle between Spain and France on the shores of modern Florida and in the West Indies in 1565 allows drawing a historical parallel between the development of manipulative methods of influence today and the methods of denigrating the enemy 450 years ago. Both then and today the “image of the enemy” is used to justify any illegal actions. The examples from 450 years ago show how bribery and the economic incentives of the “fifth column” of traitors within the country can cause irreparable damage to an entire state. Research implications. The historic examples show and reveal the myths about Spain, as well as the methods and scale of the information war aimed at creating an image of the enemy for the society of France and European countries. A comparative analysis of these historical events of 1563-1565 and contemporary technologies of information warfare sets a prospect for further studies.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>чёрная легенда</kwd><kwd>испанская Флорида</kwd><kwd>французская Флорида</kwd><kwd>пираты Вест-Индии</kwd><kwd>Жан Рибо</kwd><kwd>Менендес</kwd><kwd>Ла Каролина</kwd><kwd>информационная война</kwd><kwd>образ врага</kwd><kwd>пятая колонна</kwd><kwd>мифологическая модель</kwd><kwd>стратегия демонизации</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Black Legend</kwd><kwd>Spanish Florida</kwd><kwd>French Florida</kwd><kwd>pirates West-India</kwd><kwd>Jean Ribault</kwd><kwd>Menendez</kwd><kwd>La Carolina</kwd><kwd>information war</kwd><kwd>enemy image</kwd><kwd>fifth column</kwd><kwd>mythological model</kwd><kwd>demonization strategy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Акимов Ю. 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